Table 2.
Description of Intervention Types and Sample Age Groups
| Type of intervention | Number of studies | Study | Intervention description | Adolescents (10–19) | Youth (15–24) | Adolescents and youth (10–24) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinic-based (six studies) | ||||||
| Youth-friendly clinic services | 5 | MacKenzie et al.23 | Adolescent-centered differentiated care model comprising: dedicated weekend clinic time; sexual and reproductive health education; disclosure and ART adherence support; ART refill; individualized peer counseling and support and; peer interaction through sports, art, and games. | X | ||
| Ojwang' et al.7 | Youth-orientated prevention, care, and treatment clinic. | X | ||||
| Reif et al.5 | Dedicated adolescent clinic with youth-friendly services comprising: HIV-positive one-on-one and small group peer counseling; age-appropriate educational materials and extracurricular activities; family planning, STI testing, and counseling services for mental health and gender-based violence provided at the same clinic; clinic open until late afternoon to accommodate after-school hours. | X | ||||
| Teasdale et al.26 | YAFS implemented in existing clinics, including: training and mentorship for health care providers on care for adolescents/youth; a monthly dedicated day for the adolescent/youth HIV clinic providing integrated sexual and reproductive health services; peer support groups and education programs. | X | ||||
| Zanoni et al.27 | Saturday adolescent clinic within an existing clinic; services include ART dispensing, lunch, and scheduled counseling and recreational group activities. | X | ||||
| Placebo trial | 1 | Ingerski et al.28 | Prescription of placebo pills to practice taking HAART, with the same dosing frequency, pill size, and number of pills as the anticipated HAART medication regimen. | X | ||
| Individual-level (one study) | ||||||
| mHealth Intervention | 1 | Linnemayr et al.25 | SMS reminder and check-in messages by means of one-way SMS (message only) or two-way SMS (message plus response option). | X | ||
| Community- or household-based (three studies) | ||||||
| Community-based health service delivery | 1 | Fatti et al.29 | CBS intervention providing home-based ART- and sexual and reproductive health-related education, psychosocial support and referrals, nutritional security, screening for opportunistic infections, tracing of ART defaulters, and support with government grant access. | X | ||
| Economic Empowerment | 1 | Bermudez et al.24 | Economic component including matched financial savings for medical expenses, income generation or education related expenses; financial management and life skills training. | X | ||
| Community-based ART adherence support groups | 1 | Grimsrud et al.4 | CACs with 25–30 participants per group, led by a community health worker and supported by a nurse. Includes group meetings every 2 months for group counseling, symptom screening, and distribution of prepacked ART. | X | ||
| Total | 10 | 3 | 3 | 4 | ||
ART, antiretroviral therapy; CACs, community-based adherence clubs; CBS, community-based support; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; SMS, Short Message Service; STI, sexually transmitted infection; YAFS, youth- and adolescent-friendly services.