Table 3.
Physiological Pathways Related to the 22 Proteins Being Related to All 5 Components of Metabolic Syndrome According to www.reactome.org
| Protein | Abbreviation | Pathways |
|---|---|---|
| Leptin | LEP | Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation |
| Low-density lipoprotein receptor | LDL receptor | Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance, metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and vesicle-mediated transport |
| Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 | IGFBP-2 | Regulation of IGF transport and uptake |
| Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte | FABP4 | Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride metabolism |
| Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein | IL-1ra | MAPK family signaling cascades and cytokine signaling, |
| Paraoxonase (PON 3) | PON3 | Synthesis of 5-eicosatetraenoic acids |
| Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 | IGFBP-1 | Regulation of IGF transport and uptake |
| Tissue-type plasminogen activator | t-PA | dissolution of fibrin clot, signaling by PDGF, and signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases |
| Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 | RARRES2 | Platelet activation, signaling, and aggregation |
| Fibroblast growth factor 21 | FGF-21 | Assembly of active LPL and LIPC lipase complexes, cellular hexose transport, and SLC-mediated transmembrane transport |
| Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 | PAI | Dissolution of fibrin clot, signaling by PDGF, BMAL1:CLOCK, and NPAS2 activates circadian gene expression, ECM proteoglycans, and RNA polymerase II transcription |
| Cathepsin D | CTSD | Peptide hormone metabolism, ESR-mediated signaling, metabolism of angiotensinogen to angiotensins, collagen degradation, MHC class II antigen presentation, and neutrophil degranulation |
| Retinal dehydrogenase 1 | ALDH1A1 | Fructose metabolism, ethanol oxidation, retinoic acid biosynthesis pathway, and phase I—functionalization of compounds |
| Nodal modulator 1 | NOMO1 | Nodal signaling, heart development, and trophoblast cell proliferation |
| C-C motif chemokine 16 | CCL16 | Chemokine receptors bind chemokines |
| Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial | CA5A | Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide |
| Thimet oligopeptidase | THOP1 | Class I MHC-mediated antigen processing and presentation |
| Dihydropteridine reductase | QDPR | Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives |
| Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 5 | LILRA5 | Immunoregulatory interactions between a lymphoid cell and a nonlymphoid cell |
| NAD kinase | NADK | Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors |
| Amyloid-like protein 1 | APLP1 | Neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and synaptic plasticity |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-9 | MMP-9 | Degradation of the ECM, neutrophil degranulation, EPH-ephrin-mediated repulsion of cells, cytokine signaling in the immune system, and signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases |
IGF, insulin-like growth factor; ECM, extracellular matrix.