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Serum was isolated from whole blood extracted from either healthy or AD dogs. Expression of a multitude of cytokines including A) IL-13, B) IL-31, C) TNF-α, D) IFN-γ, E) IL-10, F) IL-4, G) TGF- β1 and H) IgE were analyzed via ELISA. Each bar is representative of a duplicate experiment for each patient (Healthy: n = 8, Atopic: n = 9). Non-parameter test; NS–Not Significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
