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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 17.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Top Membr. 2018 Aug 17;81:97–123. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.07.003

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Cell membrane unfolding accompanies volume regulated ion channel (VRAC) activation. (A) The change in average cell surface area over time determined by visual measurement of cell radius using light microscopy with phase optics and a video camera. Data was analyzed using NIHImage software. Measurements made in isotonic solutions are shown with open symbols and those in 75% hypotonic solutions with solid symbols. (B) Average cell capacitance does not change in hypotonically-challenged (filled) or unchallenged (open) cells. For Panels A and B, each point represents n ≥ 3. (C) Simultaneous measurement of VRAC current amplitude (open circles) and surface area as determined from visual (solid diamonds) and capacitance (solid squares) measurements is shown for a representative cell in a hypotonic solution. Activation of VRAC correlates with an increase in surface area determined using visual but not electrical, measurement of cell surface area.