Table 2.

Multilevel Models Examining Share of Advertising Voice and Exposure to Point-of-Sale (POS) Advertising as Independent Predictors of Product Use 1 Year Later Among Alternative High School Students (N = 746)

Variables	Cigarettes			Electronic cigarettes, vaporizers, and vape pens			Cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars			Chewing tobacco, snuff, and dip
	β	SE	p	β	SE	p	β	SE	p	β	SE	p
Fixed effects
Level 1: students
Gender: male	0.31	0.09	.001	0.60	0.10	<.001	0.78	0.11	<.001	0.98	0.22	<.001
Ethnicity: Hispanic	−0.87	0.14	<.001	−0.67	0.13	<.001	−0.96	0.19	<.001	−1.19	0.24	<.001
Ethnicity: African American	−0.89	0.20	<.001	−0.85	0.22	<.001	−0.29	0.20	.146	−1.34	0.38	<.001
Ethnicity: Other	−0.39	0.21	.063	0.14	0.21	.498	−0.32	0.23	.172	−1.51	0.65	.020
Age	−0.07	0.05	.171	0.00	0.06	.953	−0.04	0.06	.459	−0.08	0.11	.431
Prior use of tobacco products	0.88	0.10	<.001	0.98	0.12	<.001	0.46	0.12	<.001	0.20	0.20	.318
Prior exposure to other advertising	0.01	0.05	0.768	0.10	0.05	.030	0.13	0.05	.017	0.09	0.08	.230
Prior exposure to POS advertising	0.30	0.04	<.001	0.25	0.05	<.001	0.33	0.05	<.001	0.24	0.10	.014
Level 2: schools
Share of advertising voice	0.12	0.22	.593	0.04	0.21	.856	0.03	0.29	.929	0.33	0.48	.497
Random effects
Level 2: schools	0.46	0.19	.015	0.26	0.11	.021	0.40	0.18	.027	0.88	0.48	.066
2 log-likelihood	2678			2206			2199			935
AIC	2701			2228			2221			957
BIC	2711			2239			2232			968

AIC = Akaike information criterion; BIC = Bayesian information criterion.