Table 2.
Serum metabolites associated with breast cancer risk
| Discovery | Validation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolites | Pathways | Sub-Pathways | OR(95%CI)* | P-value | OR(95%CI)* | P-value |
| thioproline | Xenobiotics | Chemical | 3.90 (2.34,6.51) | <0.001 | 1.42 (0.95, 2.13) | 0.087 |
| inosine | Nucleotide | Purine Metabolism, (Hypo)Xanthine/Inosine | 3.83 (2.49, 5.90) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.55, 0.96) | 0.025 |
| 3-hydroxyoctanoate | Lipid | Fatty Acid, Monohydroxy | 1.69 (1.16, 2.45) | 0.006 | 1.62 (1.20, 2.18) | 0.002 |
| 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) | Lipid | Ketone Bodies | 1.67 (1.18,2.35) | 0.004 | 1.62 (1.17, 2.23) | 0.004 |
| stearate (18:0) | Lipid | Long Chain Fatty Acid | 1.52 (1.10, 2.09) | 0.011 | 1.66 (1.24, 2.22) | <0.001 |
| 3-hydroxydecanoate | Lipid | Fatty Acid, Monohydroxy | 1.48 (1.04, 2.10) | 0.028 | 1.67 (1.22, 2.27) | 0.001 |
| linoleate (18:2n6) | Lipid | Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (n3 and n6) | 1.42 (1.04, 1.95) | 0.028 | 1.98 (1.46, 2.70) | <.0001 |
| 10-nonadecenoate (19:1n9) | Lipid | Long Chain Fatty Acid | 1.38 (1.01,1.89) | 0.049 | 1.76 (1.31, 2.36) | <0.001 |
| dihomo-linoleate | Lipid | Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (n3 and n6) | 1.35 (1.01, 1.86) | 0.044 | 1.82 (1.34, 2.47) | <0.001 |
| fumarate | Energy | TCA Cycle | 0.69 (0.50, 0.95) | 0.025 | 0.73 (0.54, 1.00) | 0.052 |
| 3-methylxanthine | Xenobiotics | Xanthine Metabolism | 0.67 (0.48, 0.94) | 0.021 | 0.68 (0.51, 0.90) | 0.008 |
| bilirubin | Cofactors and Vitamins | Hemoglobin and Porphyrin Metabolism | 0.66 (0.47, 0.94) | 0.019 | 0.48 (0.34, 0.69) | <0.001 |
| 1-palmitoyl-GPA (16:0) | Lipid | Lysophospholipid | 0.65 (0.46, 0.92) | 0.014 | 0.74 (0.55, 0.99) | 0.049 |
| isobutyrylcarnitine | Amino Acid | Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism | 0.64 (0.45, 0.90) | 0.011 | 0.84 (0.62, 1.13) | 0.246 |
| 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPC | Lipid | Phosphatidylcholine (PC) | 0.63 (0.42, 0.94) | 0.025 | 1.01 (0.74, 1.39) | 0.951 |
| N-acetylleucine | Amino Acid | Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism | 0.62 (0.42, 0.91) | 0.015 | 0.86 (0.64, 1.15) | 0.308 |
| 1-(1-enyl-oleoyl)-2-docosahexaenoyl-GPE | Lipid | Plasmalogen | 0.60 (0.40, 0.90) | 0.014 | 0.71 (0.50, 1.03) | 0.070 |
| glucuronate | Carbohydrate | Aminosugar Metabolism | 0.59 (0.43, 0.83) | 0.002 | 0.56 (0.35, 0.90) | 0.016 |
| uridine | Nucleotide | Pyrimidine Metabolism, Uracil containing | 0.58 (0.41, 0.82) | 0.002 | 1.47 (1.11, 1.95) | 0.007 |
| 3-hy droxy-3-methy lglutarate | Lipid | Mevalonate Metabolism | 0.58 (0.40, 0.83) | 0.003 | 0.78(0.56, 1.07) | 0.118 |
| N-acetylvaline | Amino Acid | Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism | 0.57 (0.39, 0.83) | 0.003 | 0.88 (0.66, 1.18) | 0.409 |
| 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-2-dihomo-linolenoyl-GPE | Lipid | Plasmalogen | 0.55 (0.38, 0.80) | 0.002 | 0.65 (0.46, 0.92) | 0.014 |
| urea | Amino Acid | Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism | 0.54 (0.37, 0.79) | 0.002 | 0.74 (0.55, 0.99) | 0.040 |
| retinol (Vitamin A) | Cofactors and Vitamins | Vitamin A Metabolism | 0.54 (0.37, 0.78) | 0.001 | 0.78 (0.59, 1.04) | 0.089 |
| trans-4-hydroxyproline | Amino Acid | Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism | 0.51 (0.36, 0.74) | <0.001 | 0.79 (0.60, 1.04) | 0.097 |
| perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) | Xenobiotics | Chemical | 0.47 (0.31, 0.71) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.69, 1.42) | 0.949 |
| 1-linoleoy1-GPA(18:2) | Lipid | Lysophospholipid | 0.46 (0.32, 0.68) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.61, 1.07) | 0.144 |
| beta-citrylglutamate | Amino Acid | Glutamate Metabolism | 0.45 (0.29, 0.69) | <0.001 | 1.70 (1.23, 2.36) | 0.001 |
| threonylphenylalanine | Peptide | Dipeptide | 0.44 (0.29, 0.67) | <.001 | 1.64 (1.24, 2.17) | <0.001 |
| sphingomyelin | Lipid | Sphingolipid Metabolism | 0.30 (0.19, 0.48) | <0.001 | 0.68 (0.51, 0.90) | 0.008 |
| cysteine s-sulfate | Amino Acid | Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism | 0.24 (0.14, 0.40) | <0.001 | 3.25 (2.14, 4.95) | <0.001 |
*
Logistic regression was used to calculate the ORs and P value with FDR<0.05 was used. Age, obesity status and race were adjusted.