Table 4.

Characteristics of interventions based in other settings (n=5).

Added intervention	First author(s) (or study name) and country	Study design	Intervention description	Number of patients in intervention	Key findings
HIV screening	Edelman 2013 USA [56]	Randomized trial	People with OUD already receiving buprenorphine/naloxone randomized to HIV testing with brief sexual risk management (2 sessions) or enhanced sexual risk management (4 sessions) in a primary care clinic	15 brief sexual risk management; 15 enhanced sexual risk management	Compared with brief sexual risk management, enhanced sexual risk management did not lead to differences in process (retention in OUD treatment) or clinical outcomes (health-related quality of life, sexual risk)
HIV care	Altice 2003 USA [16]	Cohort	PLWH with OUD offered HIV medication management in a syringe exchange van	13	From before intervention to 12-months after: 54% of participants had an undetectable HIV-1 RNA level net increase in CD4 cell count was 150 cells/mm3.
OUD care	Springer 2010 USA [69]	Cohort	PLWH with OUD were offered medications for OUD following release from prison out of a group already engaging in directly-observed medications for HIV	30	Compared with baseline, participants: had reduced opioid cravings high satisfaction no changes in non-detectable HIV-1 RNA level or CD4 cell count
	Springer 2012 USA [70]	Cohort	PLWH with OUD offered medications or OUD after prison release out of a group already receiving directly-observed medications for HIV	50	Retention on buprenorphine/naloxone for 24 months correlated with maximum viral suppression, while the receipt of directly-observed medications for HIV or methadone did not.
HIV care and OUD care	Hung 2016 Vietnam [57]	Cohort	PLWH with OUD offered HIV testing, HIV treatment, and methadone maintenance at outpatient clinics	7,395	In sites that integrated methadone, HIV testing, and HIV treatment: More clients sought testing More clients initiated medications for HIV No change in mortality was observed