Table 1.
Demographics and Preoperative Outcomes
| Variables | Total (n=491) | Root Repair (n=307) | Root Replacement (n=184) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Age (years) | 59 (49, 68) | 61 (52, 69) | 56 (44, 67) |
| ≤60-years-old | 269 (55) | 153 (50) | 116 (63) |
| Gender, female | 147 (30) | 109 (36) | 38 (21) |
| BSA | 2.1 (1.9, 2.2) | 2.0 (1.9, 2.2) | 2.1 (1.9, 2.2) |
| Pre-existing Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 343 (70) | 234 (76) | 109 (59) |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 33 (6.7) | 23 (7.5) | 10 (5.4) |
| History of Smoking | 269 (55) | 176 (57) | 93 (51) |
| CAD | 87 (19) | 50 (17) | 37 (21) |
| COPD | 47 (9.6) | 26 (8.5) | 21 (11) |
| History of Stroke | 13 (2.6) | 7 (2.3) | 6 (3.3) |
| History of Renal Failure | 23 (4.7) | 11 (3.6) | 12 (6.5) |
| On Dialysis | 12 (2.4) | 6 (2.0) | 6 (3.3) |
| MFS | 13 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 13 (7.1) |
| LDS | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) |
| PVOD | 61 (12) | 38 (12) | 23 (13) |
| Previous Cardiac Intervention | 68 (14) | 36 (12) | 32 (17) |
| Previous Cardiac Surgery | 41 (8.4) | 20 (6.5) | 21 (11) |
| Aortic Valve Morphology | |||
| Unicuspid/Bicuspid | 44 (9.0) | 9 (2.9) | 35 (19) |
| Tricuspid | 380 (77) | 264 (86) | 116 (63) |
| Quadricuspid | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) |
| Unknown | 66 (13) | 33 (11) | 33 (18) |
| Pre-operative AI | |||
| None | 121 (26) | 97 (32) | 24 (13) |
| Trace | 50 (11) | 44 (14) | 6 (3.3) |
| Mild | 90 (19) | 68 (22) | 22 (12) |
| Moderate | 81 (17) | 50 (16) | 31 (17) |
| Severe | 122 (26) | 33 (11) | 89 (48) |
| Ejection Fraction | 55 (50, 60) | 55 (50, 60) | 55 (50, 60) |
| NYHA Function Class | |||
| III/IV | 107 (23) | 57 (19) | 50 (27) |
| Acute Myocardial Infarction | 17 (3.5) | 6 (2.0) | 11 (6.0) |
| Acute Stroke | 22 (4.5) | 13 (4.2) | 9 (4.9) |
| Acute Renal Failure | 67 (14) | 44 (14) | 23 (12.5) |
| Acute Paralysis | 8 (1.6) | 7 (2.3) | 1 (0.5) |
| Cardiogenic Shock | 48 (9.8) | 26 (8.5) | 22 (12) |
| Tamponade | 47 (9.6) | 31 (10) | 16 (8.7) |
| Pre-op Creatinine | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.4) |
| Malperfusion | |||
| Coronary | 17 (3.5) | 7 (2.3) | 10 (5.4) |
| Cerebral | 21 (4.1) | 12 (3.9) | 9 (4.9) |
| Spinal Cord | 8 (1.6) | 7 (2.3) | 1 (0.5) |
| Celiac/Hepatic | 8 (1.6) | 4 (1.3) | 4 (2.2) |
| Mesenteric | 42 (8.6) | 28 (9.1) | 14 (7.6) |
| Renal | 36 (7.3) | 22 (7.2) | 14 (7.6) |
| Extremity | 42 (8.6) | 30 (10) | 12 (6.5) |
| Delayed Operation | 72 (15) | 47 (15) | 25 (14) |
Data presented as median (25 %, 75 %) for continuous data and n (%) for categorical data.
Abbreviations: AI, aortic insufficiency; BSA, body surface area; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LDS, Loeys-Dietz syndrome; MFS, Marfan syndrome; NYHA, New York heart association; PVOD, peripheral vascular occlusive disease.