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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018 Dec 21;157(6):2125–2136. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.129

Table 1.

Demographics and Preoperative Outcomes

Variables Total (n=491) Root Repair (n=307) Root Replacement (n=184)
Patient Age (years) 59 (49, 68) 61 (52, 69) 56 (44, 67)
 ≤60-years-old 269 (55) 153 (50) 116 (63)
Gender, female 147 (30) 109 (36) 38 (21)
BSA 2.1 (1.9, 2.2) 2.0 (1.9, 2.2) 2.1 (1.9, 2.2)

Pre-existing Comorbidities
 Hypertension 343 (70) 234 (76) 109 (59)
 Diabetes Mellitus 33 (6.7) 23 (7.5) 10 (5.4)
 History of Smoking 269 (55) 176 (57) 93 (51)
 CAD 87 (19) 50 (17) 37 (21)
 COPD 47 (9.6) 26 (8.5) 21 (11)
 History of Stroke 13 (2.6) 7 (2.3) 6 (3.3)
 History of Renal Failure 23 (4.7) 11 (3.6) 12 (6.5)
  On Dialysis 12 (2.4) 6 (2.0) 6 (3.3)
 MFS 13 (2.6) 0 (0) 13 (7.1)
 LDS 1 (0.2) 0 (0) 1 (0.5)
 PVOD 61 (12) 38 (12) 23 (13)

Previous Cardiac Intervention 68 (14) 36 (12) 32 (17)
Previous Cardiac Surgery 41 (8.4) 20 (6.5) 21 (11)

Aortic Valve Morphology
 Unicuspid/Bicuspid 44 (9.0) 9 (2.9) 35 (19)
 Tricuspid 380 (77) 264 (86) 116 (63)
 Quadricuspid 1 (0.2) 1 (0.3) 0 (0)
 Unknown 66 (13) 33 (11) 33 (18)
Pre-operative AI
 None 121 (26) 97 (32) 24 (13)
 Trace 50 (11) 44 (14) 6 (3.3)
 Mild 90 (19) 68 (22) 22 (12)
 Moderate 81 (17) 50 (16) 31 (17)
 Severe 122 (26) 33 (11) 89 (48)
Ejection Fraction 55 (50, 60) 55 (50, 60) 55 (50, 60)
NYHA Function Class
 III/IV 107 (23) 57 (19) 50 (27)
Acute Myocardial Infarction 17 (3.5) 6 (2.0) 11 (6.0)
Acute Stroke 22 (4.5) 13 (4.2) 9 (4.9)
Acute Renal Failure 67 (14) 44 (14) 23 (12.5)
Acute Paralysis 8 (1.6) 7 (2.3) 1 (0.5)
Cardiogenic Shock 48 (9.8) 26 (8.5) 22 (12)
Tamponade 47 (9.6) 31 (10) 16 (8.7)
Pre-op Creatinine 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) 1.0 (0.8, 1.4)

Malperfusion
 Coronary 17 (3.5) 7 (2.3) 10 (5.4)
 Cerebral 21 (4.1) 12 (3.9) 9 (4.9)
 Spinal Cord 8 (1.6) 7 (2.3) 1 (0.5)
 Celiac/Hepatic 8 (1.6) 4 (1.3) 4 (2.2)
 Mesenteric 42 (8.6) 28 (9.1) 14 (7.6)
 Renal 36 (7.3) 22 (7.2) 14 (7.6)
 Extremity 42 (8.6) 30 (10) 12 (6.5)
 Delayed Operation 72 (15) 47 (15) 25 (14)

Data presented as median (25 %, 75 %) for continuous data and n (%) for categorical data.

Abbreviations: AI, aortic insufficiency; BSA, body surface area; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LDS, Loeys-Dietz syndrome; MFS, Marfan syndrome; NYHA, New York heart association; PVOD, peripheral vascular occlusive disease.