Table 2.
Intra-Operative Outcomes
| Variables | Total (n=491) | Root Repair (n=307) | Root Replacement (n=184) |
|---|---|---|---|
| No Arch Replacement | 30 (6.1) | 7 (2.3) | 23 (12.5) |
| Arch Replacement | 461 (93.9) | 300 (97.7) | 161 (87.5) |
| Hemi-arch | 295 (60) | 178 (58) | 117 (64) |
| Zone 1 Arch | 40 (7.9) | 24 (7.8) | 16 (8.7) |
| Zone 2 Arch | 95 (20) | 75 (24) | 20 (11) |
| Total Arch (Zone 3) | 31 (6.3) | 23 (7.8) | 8 (4.3) |
| Elephant Trunk | 24 (4.9) | 17 (5.5) | 7 (3.8) |
| CPB time (minutes) | 223 (182, 274) | 203 (169, 241) | 265 (224, 300) |
| Cross Clamp time (minutes) | 159 (117, 204) | 129 (106, 159) | 214 (181, 248) |
| HCA | 463 (94) | 300 (98) | 163 (89) |
| HCA time (minutes) | 34.5 (27, 45) | 36 (28, 45) | 32 (24, 42) |
| ACP or RCP | |||
| ACP | 149 (30) | 99 (32) | 50 (27) |
| RCP | 187 (38) | 111 (36) | 76 (41) |
| Both ACP and RCP | 124 (25) | 87 (28) | 37 (20) |
| Concomitant Operations | |||
| CABG | 29 (5.9) | 13 (4.2) | 16 (8.7) |
| MV | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.1) |
| TV | 7 (1.4) | 2 (0.7) | 5 (2.7) |
| Blood Transfusions (PRBCs) | |||
| 0 units | 95 (20) | 64 (22) | 31 (18) |
| 1 unit | 35 (7.5) | 21 (7.2) | 14 (8.0) |
| 2 units | 41 (8.8) | 24 (8.2) | 17 (10) |
| ≥ 3 units | 297 (63) | 183 (63) | 114 (65) |
Data presented as median (25%, 75%) for continuous data and n (%) for categorical data.
Abbreviations: ACP, antegrade cerebral perfusion; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; HCA, hypothermic circulatory arrest; MV, mitral valve; PRBCs, packed red blood cells; RCP, retrograde cerebral perfusion; TV, tricuspid valve. Hemiarch: aortic arch was resected from the base of innominate artery to the base of left subclavian artery, then lesser curvature; no reimplantation of arch branches. Zone 1 arch: aortic arch was divided between innominate artery and left common carotid artery (LCC) with reimplantation of innominate artery or right common carotid artery(RCC) and right subclavian artery (RScA) separately. Zone 2 arch: aortic arch was divided between LCC and left subclavian artery (LScA) with reimplantation of innominate artery and LCC; or RScA, RCC and LCC separately Zone 3 arch: aortic arch was divided distal to the LScA with reimplantation of all arch branches.