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. 2019 Jun 21;2:230. doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0465-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Coloration provides adaptive camouflage against natural substrates. Pollack (upper panel) and goby (lower panel) visual discrimination (as just noticeable differences; JNDs) of green (n = 64) and red (n = 64) prawn types against green sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca) and red dulse (Palmaria palmata) habitats. Boxes display medians and inter-quartile ranges (IQRs), whiskers represent lowest and highest values within 1.5 × IQRs, and black filled circles represent outliers. The dashed line (JND = 1) indicates the threshold for predicted visual discrimination of prawns by fish predators