Figure 2.

Nefopam modulates β-catenin during fracture repair and increases colony forming units osteoblastic in old mice. (A) Representative Western blot for β-catenin, active β-catenin, and β-actin as a loading control from protein extracts from healing tibia fractures in 20 month old mice treated with nefopam or control, or young mice as a reference. Each set of bands for each protein is from a single blot, with the full blot shown in supplementary data. The loading control is from a stripped and probed membrane. (B) Graphical representation of relative β-catenin level, with controls arbitrarily averages to “1.” Each data point is shown as well as means and 95% confidence intervals. An asterisk over a data point indicates a significance p <  0.05 compared to controls, comparison using. (C) Representative Colony forming units osteoblastic (CFU-O) from bone marrow from mice treated with nefopam or controls. (D) Graphical representation of relative CFU-O, with controls arbitrarily averages to ‘1.” Each data point is shown as well as means and 95% confidence intervals. An asterisk over a data point indicates a significance p <  0.05 compared to controls, comparison using t-test.