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. 2019 Jun 21;10:2730. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10646-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Lugdunin amplifies the commensal-induced chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL8) induction. a Primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) were either treated with 2 μM of human antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) (black bars) or lugdunin (blue bars), or 0.8 μM (pro)-gallidermin or nisin (black bars), or in combination with S. epidermidis conditioned medium (CM) (gray and red striped bars) for 5 h, and subsequently expression of CXCL8 was analyzed and normalized to actin. Shown is one representative experiment of three independent experiments with two technical replicates ± s.e.m. b PHKs were treated with 2 μM human AMPs, 2 μM lugdunin, 0.8 μM of the other bacteriocins (gray bars) or the correspondent peptide combinations (white bars), or 50 ng/mL Pam2Cys, 10 ng/mL IL-1α, or S. epidermidis CM as controls (black bars), for 5 h and subsequently expression of CXCL8 was analyzed and normalized to actin. Shown is one representative experiment of three independent experiments with two technical replicates ± s.e.m. Significant differences to control treatments were analyzed by ordinary one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001). Source data are provided as a Source Data file