PaO2 at baseline (T0), after HFNC or NIV initiation (T1), at the end of flexible bronchoscopy (T2), and 30 minutes after flexible bronchoscopy (T3) in all patients (A), and subgroup analysis in patients with baseline PaO2 ≥60 mmHg (B) and PaO2 <60 mmHg (C). HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; PaO2, arterial partial pressure of oxygen.