Table 2. Mean differences in physiologic parameters between baseline, pre–flexible bronchoscopy, and post-flexible bronchoscopy.
| Parameter | T1–T0 | T2–T1 | T3–T2 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HFNC | NIV | P value | HFNC | NIV | P value | HFNC | NIV | P value | |||
| PaO2 | 100.9 (62.9) | 99.8 (64.7) | 0.95 | −54.1 (63.2) | −28.5 (59.0) | 0.14 | 36.9 (54.3) | −0.4 (32.8) | 0.005* | ||
| T0 PaO2 ≥60 mmHg | 101.1 (69.2) | 132.5 (54.7) | 0.38 | −47.5 (86.2) | −75.3 (53.3) | 0.50 | 49.6 (88.1) | 1.5 (28.1) | 0.23 | ||
| T0 PaO2 <60 mmHg | 100.9 (62.1) | 89.5 (65.5) | 0.59 | −57.0 (52.9) | −13.7 (53.8) | 0.019* | 31.3 (32.2) | −0.9 (34.9) | 0.006* | ||
| SaO2 | 9.2 (5.2) | 11.3 (9.3) | 0.33 | −3.7 (4.4) | 0.04 (6.5) | 0.018* | −6.23 (6.0) | −2.4 (5.5) | 0.037* | ||
| T0 PaO2 ≥60 mmHg | 5.4 (2.2) | 6.0 (0.9) | 0.49 | −3.1 (5.3) | −1.2 (1.5) | 0.40 | 3.1 (4.8) | −1.0 (1.3) | 0.07 | ||
| T0 PaO2 <60 mmHg | 10.9 (5.2) | 13.0 (10.2) | 0.45 | −4.1 (4.0) | 0.4 (7.4) | 0.030* | 2.2 (4.7) | 0.05 (4.8) | 0.18 | ||
| PaCO2 | 1.0 (5.0) | 2.5 (6.0) | 0.35 | 3.5 (5.9) | 3.6 (4.5) | 0.95 | −0.8 (5.4) | −2.0 (4.2) | 0.39 | ||
| T0 PaO2 ≥60 mmHg | 4.2 (5.2) | 1.9 (7.6) | 0.49 | 1.9 (7.7) | 4.5 (2.3) | 0.44 | 0.4 (8.0) | −2.2 (1.5) | 0.23 | ||
| T0 PaO2 <60 mmHg | −0.4 (4.3) | 2.7 (5.5) | 0.07 | 4.2 (4.8) | 3.2 (5.0) | 0.58 | −1.3 (3.9) | −1.9 (4.7) | 0.67 | ||
| pH | −0.004 (0.037) | 0.001 (0.039) | 0.66 | −0.052 (0.052) | −0.041 (0.043) | 0.41 | 0.019 (0.039) | 0.017 (0.036) | 0.91 | ||
| T0 PaO2 ≥60 mmHg | −0.009 (0.040) | −0.003 (0.037) | 0.80 | −0.046 (0.039) | −0.048 (0.045) | 0.95 | 0.011 (0.059) | 0.021 (0.016) | 0.68 | ||
| T0 PaO2 <60 mmHg | −0.002 (0.036) | 0.001 (0.040) | 0.76 | −0.055 (0.043) | −0.039 (0.042) | 0.26 | 0.022 (0.027) | 0.015 (0.041) | 0.61 | ||
| MAP | 5.9 (13.6) | 5.6 (9.0) | 0.91 | 6.5 (15.6) | 0.8 (12.7) | 0.17 | −7.5 (15.6) | −2.3 (13.1) | 0.21 | ||
| T0 PaO2 ≥60 mmHg | 1.6 (11.4) | 9.1 (12.2) | 0.25 | 12.1 (16.6) | 0.3 (9.3) | 0.14 | −8.5 (12.6) | −8.8 (8.1) | 0.96 | ||
| T0 PaO2 <60 mmHg | 7.8 (14.3) | 4.4 (7.8) | 0.37 | 3.9 (15.0) | 1.0 (13.8) | 0.53 | −7.0 (17.0) | −0.2 (13.8) | 0.19 | ||
| HR | 2.9 (11.4) | 3.0 (15.9) | 0.97 | 15.9 (14.5) | 3.0 (7.5) | <0.001* | −11.9 (12.7) | −3.4 (7.8) | 0.005* | ||
| T0 PaO2 ≥60 mmHg | −1.5 (14.3) | −1.3 (8.4) | 0.98 | 27.6 (9.2) | −2.5 (7.2) | <0.001* | −14.8 (9.7) | −4.2 (11.2) | 0.08 | ||
| T0 PaO2 <60 mmHg | 4.8 (9.6) | 4.4 (17.6) | 0.92 | 10.8 (13.6) | 4.7 (6.9) | 0.10 | −10.7 (13.8) | −3.1 (6.8) | 0.040* | ||
| RR | −2.5 (3.8) | −4.0 (13.5) | 0.57 | 6.2 (6.1) | 1.9 (4.5) | 0.006* | −2.5 (5.8) | −1.9 (4.4) | 0.71 | ||
| T0 PaO2 ≥60 mmHg | −2.4 (2.7) | −1.8 (4.2) | 0.78 | 9.4 (7.4) | 1.7 (6.2) | 0.06 | −2.9 (6.7) | 4.5 (6.3) | 0.65 | ||
| T0 PaO2 <60 mmHg | −2.5 (4.3) | −4.7 (15.4) | 0.56 | 4.8 (5.2) | 1.9 (4.1) | 0.07 | −2.3 (5.6) | −1.1 (3.5) | 0.45 | ||
| Dyspnoea | −0.1 (0.7) | −0.9 (2.1) | 0.07 | 2.2 (2.5) | 1.2 (2.2) | 0.16 | −2.2 (1.9) | −0.5 (0.9) | <0.001* | ||
| T0 PaO2 ≥60 mmHg | −0.1 (0.6) | −1.3 (1.9) | 0.19 | 3.7 (3.4) | 1.5 (2.0) | 0.18 | −2.6 (2.1) | −0.3 (0.5) | 0.022* | ||
| T0 PaO2 <60 mmHg | 0.0 (0.8) | −0.7 (2.2) | 0.18 | 1.4 (1.7) | 1.1 (2.3) | 0.62 | −2.0 (1.8) | −0.5 (1.0) | 0.006* | ||
Data are shown as mean (SD). T0, baseline; T1, after HFNC or NIV initiation; T2, immediately after flexible bronchoscopy; T3, 30 minutes after flexible bronchoscopy; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; PaCO2, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO2, arterial partial pressure of oxygen; pH, potential of hydrogen ion; RR, respiratory rate; SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation as measured by blood gas analysis.