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. 2019 Jun 21;19:151. doi: 10.1186/s12872-019-1132-1

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Pulse-wave Doppler showing transmitral flow wave in each rhythm. Normal mitral valve E and A waves were observed in sinus rhythm, whereas only mitral valve A wave could be observed during sinus rhythm and ventricular fibrillation (sinus + VF). During atrial and ventricular fibrillation (AF + VF), no obvious E or A waves were observed; however, small fibrillating waves were detected. Abbreviations: AF: atrial fibrillation, VF: ventricular fibrillation