Table 5.
Generalised linear model with total QALYs at 12 months for the whole group
| Coefficient (SE) n = 557 | |
|---|---|
| Constant | 0.577 (0.140)** |
| General Health | |
| SF-1 general health | −0.079 (0.019)*** |
| RMDQ | −0.008 (0.004)** |
| Pain variables | |
| Duration of current episode of leg pain (< 6 weeks) | |
| 6–12 weeks | −0.014 (0.041) |
| Over 3 months | −0.049 (0.037) |
| Pain intensity– highest of leg or back pain | −0.066 (0.012)*** |
| Psychological measures and perceptions | |
| Illness perception: | |
| Identityd | −0.006 (0.013) |
| Timeline acutea (Strongly disagree/disagree/neither) | |
| Agree/strongly agree | −0.079 (0.032)** |
| HADs depression | −0.022 (0.004)*** |
| Personal characteristics | |
| Age | −0.002 (0.001) |
| Sex (Female)b | 0.067 (0.032)** |
| BMI | −0.003 (0.002) |
| Comorbiditiesc | −0.038 (0.036) |
| Care pathways-unadjusted (0–2 physiotherapy sessions) | |
| 3 or more physiotherapy sessions | 0.004 (0.032) |
| Referrals to specialist spinal services | −0.119 (0.051)** |
| AIC: 0.99 BIC: − 3333.46 | |
RMDQ Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, SE Standard Error, HADs Hospital and Anxiety Depression scale
***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05
aTimeline; illness/condition duration: ‘my back and / or leg problem will last for a long time’). Timeline is measured on a Likert scale; strongly disagree - Disagree - Neither agree or disagree - Agree - Strongly agree. For the purposes of the analysis it was dichotomised ((agree (agree, strongly agree) versus disagree (strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree))
bSex is measured as 1 Female 0 Male
cComorbidities included none, one, 2 or more chest problems, heart problems, raised BP, diabetes, circulation problems in leg(s)
dIdentity; Symptom attribution to the condition from a list of 7 potential symptoms: back pain, leg pain, unable to sit comfortably, fatigue, stiff joints, sleep difficulties, loss of strength. The score is the sum of symptoms experienced The list of the 7 potential symptoms was chosen by the research team