Table 1.

Overview of the vestibular rehabilitation programme

Components	Movements	Rationale
Oculomotor exercises	VOR×1 VOR×2 Smooth pursuits Saccades	Improve gaze stability and VOR gain adaptation
Head movement exercises	Shaking the head right and left, nodding the head up and down, and circumducting the head clockwise and counter clockwise while maintaining focus on a visual target	Habituate vestibular responses and relieve symptoms
Gait and balance training	Static standing on varied base of support (feet apart, feet together, semi-tandem, tandem) Static standing with different arm positions (arms away from body, arms close to body, arms reaching forward, arms tossing a ball) Sitting to upright Sitting upright then bending down to pick up objects Walking with yaw head movement Walking with pitch head movement Tossing a ball above the eye level while walking Tandem walking on a level surface Tandem walking on a foam surface	Facilitate the vestibulospinal response, improve postural stability and regain balance and physical function

VOR, vestibulo-ocular reflex.