Table 1.

Sociodemographic characteristics of study subjects and their associated ORs of glioma by different set of controls (conditional logistic regression matching age and sex)

	Cases (n=135)	MRI controls (n=135)	OR (95% CI) for MRI controls	P value	Community controls (n=135)	OR (95% CI) for community controls	P value
Age, years, median (IQR)	53 (32–68)	53 (32–68)	–	–	53 (32–68)	–	–
Female, n (%)	61 (45)	61 (45)	–	–	61 (45)	–	–
White, n (%)	126 (93)	123 (91)	1.4 (0.6 to 3.4)	0.49	119 (88)	2.2 (0.8 to 5.7)	0.11
Education
Missing	20	3	–	–	10	–	–
High school or less	31 (27)	31 (23)	1.5 (0.6 to 3.3)	0.31	47 (38)	0.3 (0.1 to 0.7)	0.003
Some college	36 (31)	37 (28)	1.0 (0.5 to 1.8)	0.77	33 (26)	0.5 (0.2 to 1.1)	0.05
College completion	13 (11)	24 (18)	0.6 (0.2 to 1.3)	0.18	23 (18)	0.3 (0.1 to 0.8)	0.007
Graduate education	35 (30)	40 (30)	(ref)		22 (18)	(ref)
HOUSES, Z (median, IQR)	−0.2 (−1.7, 2.3)	−0.8 (−2.6, 2.3)		0.17	−0.6 (−2.7, 1.8)		0.05
HOUSES, n (%)
Missing	5	6	–	–	6	–	–
Q1 (lowest SES)	26 (20)	38 (30)	0.5 (0.3 to 1.2)	0.11	33 (26)	0.6 (0.3 to 1.3)	0.19
Q2	33 (25)	30 (23)	0.9 (0.5 to 1.8)	0.81	34 (26)	0.8 (0.4 to 1.7)	0.52
Q3	35 (27)	26 (20)	1.1 (0.6 to 2.1)	0.75	36 (28	0.8 (0.4 to 1.5)	0.44
Q4	36 (28)	35 (27)	(ref)	(ref)	26 (20)	(ref)
Seasonal influenza vaccine, n (%)	63 (47)	62 (46)	1.0 (0.6 to 1.7)	0.89	50 (37)	1.7 (1.0 to 3.1)	0.06
PPSV23*, n (%)	33 (24)	39 (29)	0.7 (0.3 to 1.4)	0.29	30 (22)	1.2 (0.6 to 2.5)	0.59
Smoking exposure, n (%)
Undocumented	4 (3)	3 (2)	–	–	12 (9)	–	–
Yes	48 (36)	67 (50)	0.5 (0.3 to 0.9)	0.01	52 (39)	0.8 (0.4 to 1.3)	0.33
No	83 (62)	65 (48)	(ref)	(ref)	71 (53)	(ref)

*Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23. Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding; ORs and p values for testing association of each variable with risk of glioma were estimated using conditional logistic regression models to take into account matching between cases and controls. Since age and gender were matching factors, their ORs and p values are not presented.

SES, socioeconomic status.