Table 2.

Linear Mixed Effects Models with Simple Order Constraints Evaluating Effects of Individual Phthalates Compared With Phthalate Mixtures on Longitudinal Metabolic Outcomes

Outcome	Model 1: Control vs DEHP vs DEHP+DINP					Model 2: Control vs DINP vs DEHP+DINP					Model 3: Control vs DBP vs DEHP+DINP+DBP
	Overall P Value	Control vs DEHP		DEHP vs DEHP+DINP		Overall P Value	Control vs DINP		DINP vs DEHP+DINP		Overall P value	Control vs DBP		DBP vs DEHP+DINP+DBP
		Estimate	P Value	Estimate	P Value		Estimate	P Value	Estimate	P Value		Estimate	P Value	Estimate	P Value
Females
Body fat, %	0.028a	2.53	δ 0.014a	0	1	0.020a	2.33	δ 0.014a	0	1	0.21	1.61	0.09b	0	1
Lean mass, %	0.018a	−2.04	δ 0.018a	0	1	0.017a	−2	δ 0.014a	0	1	0.23	−1.08	0.11	0	1
RER, Vco2/Vo2	0.005c	−0.03	δ 0.001c	0	1	0.055b	−0.026	δ 0.024a	−0.002	0.37	0.33	−0.011	0.18	0	1
Fat oxidation, mg/h	0.003c	5.24	δ 0.001c	0	1	0.057b	4.31	δ 0.023a	0.15	0.35	0.37	1.6	0.2	0	1
Glucose AUC, mg/dL	0.27	422.2	0.16	0	1	0.15	697.2	0.07b	0	1	0.2	582.7	0.09b	0	1
Males
RMR, kcal/h	0.005c	0	1	0.054	δ 0.004c	0.035a	0.01	0.22	0.035	δ 0.016a	1	0	1	0	1
Glucose oxidation, mg/h	0.023a	0	1	17	δ 0.003c	0.057b	2.95	0.24	10.71	ψ 0.035a	0.65	0.15	0.39	0	1

LME models with simple order restraints were used to assess whether mice perinatally exposed to phthalate mixtures had greater effects compared with those exposed to individual phthalates. Overall P value is the global P value of the model calculated via bootstrap likelihood ratio test based on 1000 bootstraps. Individual P values are Williams-type tests for each individual comparison. Individual tests had two comparisons for each model, and thus a P value of 0.025 (0.05/2) was used as a cutoff for statistical significance after accounting for multiple comparisons, and a P value of 0.05 (0.10/2) was used as a cutoff for borderline statistical significance. Comparisons that remained statistically significant after accounting for multiple comparisons are denoted with δ, and those that are still marginally statistically significant are denoted with ψ.

^a P ≤ 0.05.

^b P ≤ 0.10.

^c P ≤ 0.01.