. 2019 Jun 19;7:e7094. doi: 10.7717/peerj.7094

Table 3. Results for concentration-dependent glyphosate treatments, as well as for pH-dependent control and glyphosate treatments, as percentages.

	Mortality		Hatching		HR	D	M
	96 hpf (%)	Over time	96 hpf (%)	Over time	48 hpf (bpm)	24 hpf (%)	96 hpf (%)
Unbuffered
Neg. control	0	–	97.92	–	148.75	0	0.26
10 μM	1.04	n.s.	97.92	*	138.38***	0	2.36*
50 μM	0	n.s.	98.96	*	134.19***	0	5.47*
100 μM	0	n.s.	100	*******	128.69***	0	4.69*
250 μM	3.13	n.s.	40.65*	*******	125.56***	22.23*	13.57*
500 μM	28.13*	*	40.58*	*******	118.63***	20.36*	16.06*
750 μM	93.64*	*******	33.33*	n.a.	94.50***	19.04*	18.06*
1 mM	100*	*******	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
10 mM	100*	*******	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
LC₁₀/EC₁₀	385 μM		155 μM		43 μM	126 μM	179 μM
LC₅₀/EC₅₀	582 μM		224 μM		–	–	–
7dSh	0	n.s.	98.93	*	139.75^,^†*	0.35	0.27^†
Neutral (pH 7)
Neg. control	0	–	85.42	–	148.04	0	0.52
10 μM	1.04	n.s.	100*	*******	144.25	0	1.04
50 μM	1.04	n.s.	100*	*******	142.56	1.04	1.87
100 μM	0	n.s.	98.96*	*******	136.57**	0	2.60
250 μM	0	n.s.	100*	*******	130.31***	0	0.26
500 μM	0	n.s.	100*	*******	129.19***	0	1.56
750 μM	1.04	n.s.	100*	*******	133.50*	0	2.35
1 mM	0	n.s.	98.96*	*******	145.94	0.69	6.56*
10 mM	0	n.s.	94.79*	*******	149.38	0	7.29*
pH range—control
Neg. control	0	–	94.69	–	160.38	0	0.26
pH 3	100*	*******	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
pH 3.1	100*	*******	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
pH 3.2	100*	*******	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
pH 3.3	84.03*	*******	61.11*	*******	140.19***	9.36*	4.17*
pH 3.4	51.04*	*******	*77.78^,^†**	*******	141.38***	6.93*	3.51*
pH 3.5	8.33*	n.s.	*15.77^,^†**	***^,^†	144.25***	8.32*	2.0*
pH range—glyphosate
pH 3	100*	*******	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
pH 3.1	100*	*******	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
pH 3.2	100*	*******	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
pH 3.3	72.57*	*******	83.33	*******	136.46***	13.33*	0
pH 3.4	28.47*	*******	*60.61^,^†**	*******	141.49***	4.54*	3.80*
pH 3.5	17.36*	n.s.	*66.57^,^†**	***^,^†	143.50***	10.31*	2.04*

Notes:

Asterisks (*) and bold indicate statistically significant differences from the negative control (Cox regression, ANOVA. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. Likelihood ratio χ², Fisher’s exact test, Bonferroni-Holm: *p < α).

Crosses (†) denote additional statistical significances between pH control and glyphosate within the same pH range or, in the case of 7dSh, differences from 1 mM glyphosate at pH 7. For unbuffered glyphosate concentrations, endpoint-related LC₁₀/EC₁₀ and LC₅₀/EC₅₀ values are given.

HR, heart rate; D, developmental delays; M, malformations; n.s, not significant; n.a., not available (no sufficient sample sizes for statistical analysis).