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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 22.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2019 Mar 27;119(8):5298–5415. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00593

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

(A) Illustration of AC electrospinning, and the forces acting on a displaced segment of an electrically charged jet. (B) Photograph of the jet during AC electrospinning, which was taken at an exposure time of 0.02 s. The whipping envelope can be seen as a combination of a normal, upright cone and an inverted cone. A distinct thread zone is seen below the apex of the inverted cone. Reprinted with permission from refs 76 and 77. Copyright 2007 and 2009 Wiley-VCH, respectively.