Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics for Total Sample and by Fitness Groups
| Characteristics | Total | Low fitness |
Moderate fitness |
High fitness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 3,842 | 736 | 1,564 | 1,542 |
| Age, years | 24.8 ± 3.6 | 25.4 ± 3.6 | 24.6 ± 3.7 | 24.9 ± 3.5 |
| Black race, n (%) | 1,941 (50.5) | 553 (75.1) | 893 (57.1) | 495 (32.1) |
| Women, n (%) | 2,055 (53.5) | 414 (56.3) | 814 (52.1) | 827 (53.6) |
| Education attainment, years Smoking | 15.5 ± 3.0 | 14.6 ± 4.0 | 15.2 ± 2.6 | 16.2 ± 2.6 |
| Never, n (%) | 2,252 (58.6) | 380 (51.6) | 888 (56.8) | 984 (63.8) |
| Former, n (%) | 497 (12.9) | 80 (10.9) | 184 (11.8) | 233 (15.1) |
| Current, n (%) | 1,093 (28.5) | 276 (37.5) | 492 (31.5) | 325 (21.1) |
| Alcohol intake, ml/day | 11.7 ± 21.1 | 11.6 ± 24.0 | 12.0 ± 22.1 | 11.4 ± 18.5 |
| Healthy Diet Index score | 44.7 ± 12.7 | 40.6 ± 11.1 | 42.3 ± 11.7 | 48.5 ± 13.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 4.8 | 29.1 ± 6.7 | 24.3 ± 3.9 | 22.3 ± 2.6 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 110 ± 11 | 113 ± 11 | 110 ± 10 | 109 ± 11 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 69 ± 9 | 70 ± 10 | 68 ± 9 | 68 ± 9 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 82.3 ± 13.0 | 83.4 ± 13.4 | 82.7 ± 16.1 | 81.4 ± 8.4 |
| Maximal treadmill duration, minutes | ||||
| Women | 8.3 ± 2.3 | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 7.6 ± 0.6 | 10.5 ± 1.4 |
| Men | 11.8 ± 2.3 | 8.3 ± 1.4 | 11.2 ± 0.7 | 13.9 ± 1.1 |
| Maximal treadmill METs | ||||
| Women | 11.0 ± 2.1 | 8.2 ± 1.0 | 10.4 ± 0.7 | 13.1 ± 1.3 |
| Men | 14.2 ± 2.1 | 11.0 ± 1.3 | 13.7 ± 0.8 | 16.2 ± 0.9 |
| eGFR, CKD-EPI equation (mL/minute/1.73 m2) | 97.0 ± 16.8 | 99.4 ± 17.5 | 98.2 ± 17.3 | 94.6 ± 15.7 |
| UACR (mg/g) at year 10 (n=2,714) | 3.9 (2.7, 5.9) | 4.3 (2.9, 7.0) (n=577) | 3.8 (2.7, 5.8) (n=1,026) | 3.7 (2.6, 5.5) (n=1,111) |
| APOL1 (n=3,433), High riska n (%) | 217 (6.3) | 66 (10.0) | 106 (7.6) | 45 (3.3) |
Notes: Values for categorical variables are given as n and percentages; values for continuous variables are given as mean ± SD or median (IQR). Low fitness: bottom lowest gender-specific quintile (bottom 20%); Moderate fitness: quintiles 2–3 (middle 20%–60%); High fitness: quintiles 4–5 (top >60%).
a
High risk category for APOL1 are individuals with two copies of the gene variant.
APOL1, apolipoprotein L1; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; UACR, Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio