Table 3.

Pain Coping by Age and Gender

	Children (10 to 12 years)		Adolescents (13 to 17 years)
	Males (n=15)	Females (n=14)	Males (n=16)	Females (n=21)
APPROACH
Information seeking	2.7 ± 0.8	2.9 ± 1.0	2.3 ± 1.0	2.5 ± 0.9
Problem solving	3.4 ± 0.8	3.4 ± 1.2	2.9 ± 1.2	3.4 ± 0.7
Seeking social support	2.8 ± 0.9	2.6 ± 0.8	1.8 ± 0.8	2.6 ± 0.9
Positive self-statements	2.5 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 1.0	2.4 ± 0.9	2.8 ± 1.1
PROBLEM-FOCUSED AVOIDANCE
Behavioral distraction	2.5 ± 1.0	2.5 ± 0.8	3.3 ± 1.0	2.4 ± 1.1
Cognitive distraction	2.2 ± 0.8	2.8 ± 0.9	3.1 ± 1.2	2.8 ± 1.0
EMOTION-FOCUSED AVOIDANCE
Externalizing	1.5 ± 0.6	1.5 ± 0.8	1.7 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.3
Internalizing/catastrophizing	2.2 ± 0.8	2.1 ± 0.7	1.8 ± 0.8	2.0 ± 0.9

Values represent frequency of use of the coping strategy: 1= Never; 2=Hardly Ever, 3=Sometimes, 4=Often, 5=Very Often