Table 9.

Statistical analysis on the absolute errors of the selected functions (dim = 200).

Functions	VM-GWO		Std. GWO		ALO		PSO		BA
	Mean	Std. deviation	Mean	Std. deviation	Mean	Std. deviation	Mean	Std. deviation	Mean	Std. deviation
F4	3.3556e − 53	8.7424e − 53	1.6051e − 46	2.2035e − 46	4.2333e − 07	2.9234e − 07	3.0178e − 07	6.5449e − 07	1.6401e − 07	2.1450e − 07
F8	0	0	0	0	3.3307e − 17	7.4934e − 17	1.1102e − 17	3.5108e − 17	1.4466e − 14	1.9684e − 14
F11	0.0115	0.0193	0.0364	0.0640	8.3831	10.3213	12.6649	13.0098	4.7528e + 16	2.8097e + 16