Table 3.
Results of subgroup analysis about the association between Klotho and renal outcomes.
| Subgroup | Studies | Statistical method | Heterogeneity | Effect estimate | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 6 | HR (IV, fixed, 95% CI) | 1.33 (1.16, 1.53) | <0.01 | |
| Age ≥ 65 | 2 (Ref [18, 22]) | HR (IV, fixed, 95% CI) | P = 0.83; I 2 = 0% | 1.20 (1.03, 1.41) | 0.02 |
| Age < 65 | 4 (Ref [13, 23–25]) | HR (IV, fixed, 95% CI) | P = 0.26; I 2 = 25% | 1.79 (1.37, 2.33) | <0.01 |
| eGFR | 6 | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | 1.81 (1.28, 2.55) | <0.01 | |
| eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min | 2 (Ref [22, 24]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | P = 0.04; I 2 = 77% | 1.92 (0.61, 6.05) | 0.04 |
| eGFR < 60 ml/min | 4 (Ref [13, 18, 23, 25]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | P = 0.40; I 2 = 1% | 1.79 (1.37, 2.34) | <0.01 |
| Follow-up interval | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | 1.64 (1.19, 2.26) | <0.01 | ||
| Follow − up ≥ 2 years | 4 (Ref [13, 22–24]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | P = 0.05; I 2 = 62% | 1.56 (1.12, 2.17) | <0.01 |
| Follow − up < 2 years | 2 (Ref [18, 25]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | P = 0.61; I 2 = 0% | 2.92 (1.03, 8.28) | 0.04 |
| Research region | 6 | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | 1.64 (1.19, 2.26) | <0.01 | |
| Asia | 3 (Ref [13, 24, 25]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | P = 0.52; I 2 = 0% | 2.55 (1.55, 4.20) | <0.01 |
| Other countries | 3 (Ref [18, 22, 23]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | P = 0.36; I 2 = 2% | 1.27 (1.10, 1.47) | <0.01 |
| Study quality | 6 | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | 1.64 (1.19, 2.26) | <0.01 | |
| High-quality study | 4 (Ref [13, 18, 22, 23]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | P = 0.26; I 2 = 26% | 1.37 (1.11, 1.69) | <0.01 |
| Low-quality study | 2 (Ref [24, 25]) | HR (IV, random, 95% CI) | P = 0.81; I 2 = 0% | 3.63 (1.63, 8.08) | <0.01 |