Fig. 3.

Antibody neutralization of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) attenuates macrophage activation in response to poly(inosinic:cytidylic) acid [poly(I:C)]. RAW264.7 macrophages were pretreated with neutralizing goat anti-CCR5 antibody for 4 h before incubation with poly(I:C). A and B: phosphorylation (p-) of ERK, JNK, and p38 and degradation of IκBα were determined by Western blot analysis following 15 and 30 min of treatment with poly(I:C). C–E: expression of IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 was determined by Western blot analysis, and nitrite formation was determined by Griess assay following 24 h of treatment with poly(I:C). Pretreatment with goat serum was used as a neutralizing antibody control. Total p38 and GAPDH levels are shown as loading controls. Results are representative (A–D) or means ± SE (E) of 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05; ns, not significant.