Table 1.
Country | Growth | Population (thousands) | Exposed population (thousands) | Population exposed (share) | Mangrove area (ha) | Mangrove protected area (ha) | Mangroves protected (share) |
Bahamas | 0.12 | 268 | 50 | 0.19 | 155.7 | 0.2 | 0.00 |
Belize | 0.14 | 123 | 58 | 0.47 | 1,684.0 | 76.9 | 0.05 |
China | 0.13 | 71,600 | 61,000 | 0.85 | 178.5 | 70.4 | 0.39 |
Colombia | 0.14 | 2,820 | 0 | 0.00 | 1,688.0 | 1,006.0 | 0.60 |
Costa Rica | 0.16 | 30 | 6 | 0.20 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 1.00 |
Cuba | 0.18 | 3,360 | 1,580 | 0.47 | 3,920.0 | 1,582.0 | 0.40 |
Dominican Republic | 0.09 | 814 | 320 | 0.39 | 122.6 | 64.4 | 0.53 |
El Salvador | 0.12 | 460 | 4 | 0.01 | 1,310.0 | 1,258.0 | 0.96 |
Fiji | 0.14 | 191 | 0 | 0.00 | 266.0 | 12.0 | 0.05 |
Guatemala | 0.19 | 617 | 214 | 0.35 | 1,502.0 | 1,088.0 | 0.72 |
Haiti | 0.28 | 477 | 227 | 0.48 | 4.9 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
Honduras | 0.15 | 374 | 118 | 0.32 | 1,000.0 | 788.0 | 0.79 |
Hong Kong | 0.02 | 1,252 | 997 | 0.80 | 20.7 | 13.3 | 0.64 |
India | 0.14 | 83,200 | 955 | 0.01 | 1,972.0 | 376.0 | 0.19 |
Japan | 0.04 | 1,293 | 554 | 0.43 | 9.7 | 6.6 | 0.68 |
Madagascar | 0.17 | 392 | 140 | 0.36 | 29.3 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
Mexico | 0.11 | 7,100 | 2,720 | 0.38 | 11,580.0 | 6,600.0 | 0.57 |
Mozambique | 0.16 | 2,960 | 378 | 0.13 | 166.6 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
Nicaragua | 0.16 | 135 | 27 | 0.20 | 770.0 | 312.0 | 0.41 |
Philippines | 0.15 | 5,380 | 1,674 | 0.31 | 724.0 | 90.7 | 0.13 |
Trin. and Tob. | 0.13 | 495 | 0 | 0.00 | 133.3 | 4.3 | 0.03 |
United States | 0.07 | 21,200 | 10,720 | 0.51 | 12,160.0 | 10,920.0 | 0.90 |
Vietnam | 0.15 | 3,820 | 2,240 | 0.59 | 1,232.0 | 832.0 | 0.68 |
LOW | 0.17 | 3,829 | 746 | 0.19 | 201 | 0 | 0.00 |
LM | 0.14 | 93,985 | 5,232 | 0.06 | 8,510 | 4,745 | 0.56 |
UM | 0.13 | 86,037 | 65,684 | 0.76 | 19,442 | 9,414 | 0.48 |
EA&P | 0.13 | 83,536 | 66,465 | 0.80 | 2,431 | 1,025 | 0.42 |
LA&C | 0.14 | 17,071 | 5,325 | 0.31 | 23,873 | 12,782 | 0.54 |
NA | 0.07 | 21,200 | 10,720 | 0.51 | 12,160 | 10,920 | 0.90 |
SA | 0.14 | 83,200 | 955 | 0.01 | 1,972 | 376 | 0.19 |
SSA | 0.16 | 3,352 | 518 | 0.15 | 196 | 0 | 0.00 |
Developed | 0.06 | 24,507 | 12,321 | 0.50 | 12,479 | 10,944 | 0.88 |
Developing | 0.13 | 183,851 | 71,662 | 0.39 | 28,152 | 14,159 | 0.50 |
Total | 0.13 | 208,359 | 83,983 | 0.40 | 40,632 | 25,103 | 0.62 |
The sample includes all mangrove-holding LLAs within those 22 countries and 1 territory (Hong Kong) that passed within 100 km of a cyclone’s “eye” from 2006 to 2010. The panel spans from 2000 to 2010 and sample statistics are reported for 2006–2010, which remain in sample using our lagged specification. Income group aggregates are presented based on the 2016 world bank classifications. Low income countries (LOW) have a gross national income (GNI) per capita<$1,025, lower middle-income countries (LM) between $1,026 and $4,035, upper-middle income countries (UM) between $4,036 and $12,475. Developing countries include all LOW, LM, and UM income countries and developed countries have a GNI per capita of $12,476 or more. East Asia and Pacific (EA&P), Latin America and Caribbean (LA&C), North America (NA), South Asia (SA), and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regional aggregates are also presented based on World Bank categorizations.