. 2019 May 31;116(25):12173–12182. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1818372116

Table 1.

Hydrogen isotope data and selected metabolic fluxes for the five wild-type species and five E. coli knockout mutants all grown on glucose

				Relative flux,^§ $%$ of glucose uptake
Culture	$δ^{2} H_{w a t e r}$ ,^* ‰	$δ^{2} H_{F A}$ ,^† ‰	$ϵ_{L / W}$ ,^‡‰	G6PDH (ED+PP)	6PGDH (PP)	ICDH (TCA)	ME	EMP^¶	ED	NADPH,^# balance
Wild types
E. coli	$- 88 \pm 1$	$- 208 \pm 13$	$- 131 \pm 15$	$29 \pm 2$	$21 \pm 2$	$33 \pm 5$	$23 \pm 11$	$70 \pm 5$	$8 \pm 2$	$- 32 \pm 12$
B. subtilis	$- 68 \pm 1$	$- 211 \pm 23$	$- 154 \pm 25$	$32 \pm 2$	$32 \pm 2$	$21 \pm 3$	$4 \pm 2$	$66 \pm 5$	$0 \pm 0$	$- 11 \pm 3$
P. fluorescens 2-79	$- 82 \pm 0$	$- 10 \pm 9$	$78 \pm 10$	$18 \pm 2$ ^∥	$7 \pm 1$	$103 \pm 10$	$56 \pm 6$	$- 9 \pm 1$	$100 \pm 8$	$8 \pm 7$
P. fluorescens WCS365	$- 81 \pm 1$	$40 \pm 9$	$132 \pm 10$	$18 \pm 2$ ^∥	$7 \pm 1$	$118 \pm 12$	$68 \pm 8$	$- 9 \pm 1$	$101 \pm 10$	$37 \pm 7$
R. radiobacter	$- 82 \pm 1$	$- 87 \pm 4$	$- 6 \pm 5$	$99 \pm 9$	$11 \pm 5$	$55 \pm 9$	$3 \pm 1$	$0 \pm 0$	$89 \pm 9$	$10 \pm 9$
E. meliloti	$- 76 \pm 1$	$- 90 \pm 6$	$- 16 \pm 6$	$99 \pm 10$	$10 \pm 5$	$55 \pm 10$	$4 \pm 2$	$0 \pm 0$	$89 \pm 10$	$38 \pm 10$
E. coli knockout mutants^**
JW1841	$- 84 \pm 2$	$- 206 \pm 13$	$- 133 \pm 14$	$10 \pm 2$	$7 \pm 2$	$44 \pm 6$	$36 \pm 4$	$90 \pm 6$	$3 \pm 2$	$- 15 \pm 13$
JW3985	$- 85 \pm 1$	$- 167 \pm 6$	$- 90 \pm 7$	$99 \pm 4$	$63 \pm 3$	$88 \pm 7$	$80 \pm 12$	$0 \pm 1$	$37 \pm 2$	$164 \pm 14$
PntAB	$- 74 \pm 1$	$- 174 \pm 6$	$- 109 \pm 7$	$39 \pm 2$	$29 \pm 2$	$26 \pm 4$	$10 \pm 31$	$61 \pm 2$	$10 \pm 1$	$- 8 \pm 35$
UdhA	$- 90 \pm 2$	$- 219 \pm 9$	$- 143 \pm 10$	$25 \pm 2$	$18 \pm 2$	$38 \pm 4$	$28 \pm 10$	$72 \pm 6$	$8 \pm 2$	$- 14 \pm 10$
UdhA–PntAB	$- 90 \pm 2$	$- 203 \pm 10$	$- 124 \pm 10$	$42 \pm 3$	$34 \pm 2$	$24 \pm 5$	$14 \pm 16$	$55 \pm 3$	$8 \pm 2$	$0 \pm 17$

$δ^{2}$ H of culture medium before inoculation.

^{^†}

Abundance-weighted mean $δ^{2}$ H values of all measured fatty acids.

^{^‡}

Fractionation between $δ^{2}$ H of culture medium and abundance-weighted mean $δ^{2}$ H value of fatty acids.

^{^§}

Fluxes through the four NADPH-generating reactions (G6PDH, 6PGDH, ICDH, and ME) and EMP and ED pathways as a percentage of the total glucose uptake flux.

^{^¶}

Negative fluxes indicate reversed EMP flux.

^{^#}

Negative values indicate NADPH underproduction relative to anabolic demand; positive values indicate NADPH overproduction.

^{^∥}

For Pseudomonas species, published relative flux distributions (30) were assumed due to the periplasmatic conversion of glucose to gluconate and 2-keto-gluconate.

^**

Mutants carry the following gene deletions: G6PDH in JW1841, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase in JW3985, membrane-bound transhydrogenase in PntAB, soluble transhydrogenase in UdhA, and both transhydrogenae genes in UdhA–PntAB.