Table 1:
Baseline characteristics all the patients who received vancomycin divided into various groups categorized by maximum trough vancomycin levels
| Vancomycin Maximum Trough Levels | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | All | <10 mg/L | 10.0–15.0 mg/L | 15.1–20 mg/L | >20 mg/L |
| (N=22,057) | (N=5301) | (N=7490) | (N=4968) | (N=4298) | |
| Mean age (SD), y | 67.6 (10.8) | 66.3 (11.7) | 67.9 (10.6) | 68.2 (10.4) | 67.7 (10.3) |
| Gender, n (%) Males | 21378 (96.9) | 5110 (96.4) | 7292 (97.4) | 4832 (97.3) | 4144 (96.4) |
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| Whites | 16724 (75.8) | 3997 (75.4) | 5798 (77.4) | 3773 (75.9) | 3156 (73.4) |
| African Americans | 4136 (18.8) | 975 (18.4) | 1305 (17.4) | 929 (18.7) | 927 (21.6) |
| Other | 1197 (5.4) | 329 (6.2) | 387 (5.2) | 266 (5.4) | 215 (5) |
| Mean eGFR (SD), mL/min/1.73m2 | 76.01 (26) | 81.25 (25.7) | 77.42 (24.7) | 73.13 (25.7) | 70.43 (27.3) |
| SBP (SD), mmHg | 139.5 (22.1) | 140.2 (21.5) | 139.9 (21.6) | 139.1 (22.3) | 138.8 (23.4) |
| DBP (SD), mmHg | 75.91 (13.3) | 76.86 (13.3) | 75.98 (12.9) | 75.39 (13.5) | 75.24 (13.8) |
| BMI (sd), kg/m2 | 27.97 (7.6) | 27.56 (7.4) | 27.85 (7.3) | 28.26 (7.8) | 28.34 (8.1) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Myocardial Infarction | 2356 (10.7) | 453 (8.6) | 755 (10.1) | 597 (12) | 551 (12.8) |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 5310 (24.1) | 865 (16.3) | 1630 (21.8) | 1395 (28.1) | 1420 (33) |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 6424 (29.1) | 1215 (22.9) | 2132 (28.5) | 1620 (32.6) | 1457 (33.9) |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 5408 (24.5) | 1084 (20.4) | 1810 (24.2) | 1290 (26) | 1224 (28.5) |
| Dementia | 898 (4.1) | 197 (3.7) | 294 (3.9) | 214 (4.3) | 193 (4.5) |
| Chronic Pulmonary Disease | 11685 (53) | 2625 (49.5) | 3906 (52.1) | 2723 (54.8) | 2431 (56.6) |
| Liver Disease | 3241 (14.7) | 685 (12.9) | 1066 (14.2) | 747 (15) | 743 (17.3) |
| Diabetes | 10942 (49.6) | 2385 (45) | 3626 (48.4) | 2603 (52.4) | 2328 (54.2) |
| Cancer | 6926 (31.4) | 1550 (29.2) | 2397 (32) | 1574 (31.7) | 1405 (32.7) |
| Hypertension | 18756 (85) | 4287 (80.9) | 6356 (84.9) | 4311 (86.8) | 3802 (88.5) |
| Ischemic Heart Disease | 8950 (40.6) | 1813 (34.2) | 2998 (40) | 2179 (43.9) | 1960 (45.6) |
| CCI (IQR) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 4 (2–6) |
| Primary diagnosis, n (%) | |||||
| Infectious | 1980 (9) | 515 (9.7) | 594 (7.9) | 460 (9.3) | 411 (9.6) |
| Pneumonia | 1806 (8.2) | 438 (8.3) | 627 (8.4) | 394 (7.9) | 347 (8.1) |
| Cardiovascular | 1962 (8.9) | 419 (7.9) | 606 (8.1) | 478 (9.6) | 459 (10.7) |
| Other | 16309 (73.9) | 3929 (74.1) | 5663 (75.6) | 3636 (73.2) | 3081 (71.7) |
| Medications, n (%) | |||||
| Analgesics | 12528 (56.8) | 2910 (54.9) | 4252 (56.8) | 2854 (57.4) | 2512 (58.4) |
| Other Antibiotics | 737 (3.3) | 187 (3.5) | 273 (3.6) | 149 (3) | 128 (3) |
| Cardiovascular drugs use | 6720 (30.5) | 1426 (26.9) | 2257 (30.1) | 1612 (32.4) | 1425 (33.2) |
| Contrast dye | 368 (1.7) | 92 (1.7) | 127 (1.7) | 76 (1.5) | 73 (1.7) |
| Diuretics | 7502 (34) | 1358 (25.6) | 2374 (31.7) | 1903 (38.3) | 1867 (43.4) |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 10245 (46.4) | 2270 (42.8) | 3431 (45.8) | 2356 (47.4) | 2188 (50.9) |
| Dobutamine/Norepinephrine | 1219 (5.5) | 230 (4.3) | 367 (4.9) | 289 (5.8) | 333 (7.8) |
| No of other antibiotics | |||||
| 0 | 21320 (96.7) | 5114 (96.5) | 7217 (96.4) | 4819 (97) | 4170 (97) |
| 1 | 662 (3) | 165 (3.1) | 246 (3.3) | 135 (2.7) | 116 (2.7) |
| 2 | 67 (0.3) | 19 (0.4) | 24 (0.3) | 13 (0.3) | 11 (0.3) |
| 3 | 8 (0) | 3 (0.1) | 3 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) |
| SOFA/Labs | |||||
| Bilirubin, Mean (SD) | 1.02 (1.6) | 0.97 (1.2) | 0.98 (1.3) | 1.02 (1.5) | 1.15 (2.2) |
| PO2, Mean (SD) | 84.71 (49.9) | 84.33 (50) | 84.59 (49.3) | 84.77 (48.7) | 85.18 (51.8) |
| Sodium, Mean (SD) | 136.8 (4.4) | 136.5 (4.2) | 136.7 (4.3) | 136.9 (4.3) | 137.1 (4.7) |
| Potassium, Mean (SD) | 4 (0.5) | 3.96 (0.5) | 3.99 (0.5) | 4.01 (0.5) | 4.03 (0.6) |
| Albumin, Mean (SD) | 3 (0.7) | 3.12 (0.7) | 3.05 (0.7) | 2.95 (0.7) | 2.84 (0.7) |
| AST, Mean (SD) | 45.34 (128.9) | 44.55 (101.5) | 47.03 (169.1) | 42.31 (87.8) | 46.92 (119.4) |
| ALT, Mean (SD) | 41.14 (125.3) | 41.78 (102.8) | 41.52 (134.6) | 39.82 (121.1) | 41.23 (138.1) |
| Hemoglobin, Mean (SD) | 11.28 (2.2) | 11.71 (2.2) | 11.42 (2.2) | 11.08 (2.1) | 10.75 (2.1) |
| WBC, Mean (SD) | 13.53 (289.3) | 11.75 (7) | 12 (59.9) | 19.79 (605.3) | 11.2 (7.9) |
| Bicarbonate, Mean (SD) | 25.89 (4.3) | 25.78 (4) | 25.92 (4.2) | 25.96 (4.4) | 25.91 (4.7) |
| Platelets, Mean (SD) | 230.7 (119.1) | 228.1 (114.3) | 230.3 (116.8) | 234.9 (127.3) | 229.5 (118.8) |
Data were summarized using proportions, means ± SD, or medians (interquartile range (IQR)) as appropriate
AKI: Acute Kidney Injury; SD: Standard Deviation; CHF: Congestive Heart Failure; PVD: Peripheral Vascular Disease; CVA: Cerebrovascular Accident; MI: Myocardial Infarction; eGFR: Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; BMI: Body Mass Index; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase