. 2019 May 3;98(7):779–785. doi: 10.1177/0022034519845843

Table 2.

Properties of Resins and Composites with Different Nanogels.

	DC, %	R_Pmax, %/s	PS, MPa	VS, %	FM, GPa	FS, MPa
Resin
One-way ANOVA, P value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.056	0.010
Control resin	63.9 (0.4)^a	9.4 (0.2)^a	2.8 (0.1) ^a	6.4 (0.5)^a	2.7 (0.2)	121.7 (3.6)^a,b
Ng 1	59.8 (0.2)^c	5.1 (0.1)^b	1.5 (0.2) ^b,c	5.3 (0.2)^b	3.0 (0.1)	129.4 (1.0)^a
Ng 2	60.3 (0.3)^b,c	5.5 (0.1)^b	1.7 (0.1) ^b	5.2 (0.3)^b	2.8 (0.1)	118.1 (4.7)^b
Ng 3	60.7 (0.1)^b	5.4 (0.3)^b	1.2 (0.3) ^c	5.0 (0.2)^b	2.7 (0.2)	118.7 (6.0)^b
Composite
One-way ANOVA, P value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.447	<0.001
Control MPS	64.6 (0.4)^a	10.9 (0.4)^a	2.2 (0.1)^a	4.3 (0.2)^a	6.3 (0.3)	145.7 (8.7)^a
MPS + Ng 1	60.4 (0.4)^b,c	8.7 (0.2)^b,c	1.7 (0.1)^b	3.4 (0.1)^b	6.2 (0.2)	141.5 (10.6)^a
MPS + Ng 2	60.2 (0.8)^c	8.2 (0.3)^c	1.7 (0.1)^b	3.3 (0.1)^b	6.2 (0.1)	132.2 (3.9)^a,b
MPS + Ng 3	60.3 (1.5)^c	7.8 (0.1)^c	1.8 (0.1)^b	3.1 (0.1)^b	6.0 (0.1)	126.2 (6.2)^a,b,c
VIN Ng 1	62.6 (1.1)^a,b	9.9 (0.6)^a,b	1.7 (0.1)^b	4.1 (0.2)^a	6.0 (0.1)	107.6 (14.2)^b,c
VIN Ng 2	60.9 (0.3)^b,c	9.7 (0.2)^a,b	1.7 (0.1)^b	4.2 (0.3)^a	6.4 (0.4)	108.4 (15.2)^b,c
VIN Ng 3	60.3 (0.9)^c	9.2 (0.4)^b,c	1.4 (0.1)^c	4.0 (0.1)^a	6.3 (0.3)	112.0 (9.1)^b,c
VIN Ng 1 + Ng 1	57.3 (0.5)^d	5.4 (0.3)^d	1.1 (0.1)^d	3.1 (0.1)^b	6.1 (0.2)	102.8 (2.2)^c
VIN Ng 2 + Ng 2	56.7 (0.3)^d	6.7 (1.0)^d	1.2 (0.1)^d	3.1 (0.2)^b	6.2 (0.2)	95.8 (6.5)^c
VIN Ng 3 + Ng 3	61.0 (0.1)^b,c	7.8 (0.5)^c	1.2 (0.1)^d	3.0 (0.2)^b	6.2 (0.2)	94.1 (8.6)^c

Within a column, means followed by the same letter are not statistically different (P > 0.05). Data presented here for DC and R_Pmax were obtained from polymerization kinetics testing.

ANOVA, analysis of variance; DC, degree of conversion; FM, flexural modulus; FS, flexural strength; MPS, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; Ng, nanogel; PS, polymerization stress; R_Pmax, maximum polymerization rate; VIN, trimethoxyvinylsilane; VS, volumetric shrinkage.