Table 1.
Recent phase III trials of new agents for gastric cancer.
| Target | Trial/authors | Line | Screening | Agent | control | Endpoint | Results | Difference mOS (m) (HR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HER2 | ToGA | 1st | HER2 | Trastuzumab | (+chemo) | OS | Positive | +2.7 (HR 0.74) |
| HER2 | Logic | 1st | HER2 (FISH) | Lapatinib | PBO (+chemo) | OS | Negative | +1.7 (HR 0.91) |
| HER2 | JACOB | 1st | HER2 | Pertuzumab | PBO (+chemo+Tmab) | OS | Negative | +3.3 (HR 0.84) |
| HER2 | TyTAN | 2nd | HER2 (FISH) | Lapatinib | (+chemo) | OS | Negative | +3 (HR 0.84) |
| HER2 | GATSBY | 2nd | HER2 | T-DM1 | Taxanes | OS | Negative | −0.7 (HR 1.15) |
| EGFR | REAL-3 | 1st | – | Panitumumab | (+chemo) | OS | Negative | −2.5 (HR 1.37) |
| EGFR | EXPAND | 1st | – | Cetuximab | PBO (+chemo) | PFS | Negative | −1.3 (HR 1.0) |
| EGFR | ENRICH | 2nd | EGFR (IHC) | Nimotuzumab | (+chemo) | OS | Terminated | |
| mTOR | GRANITE-1 | 2nd /3rd | – | Everolimus | PBO | OS | Negative | +1.05 (HR 0.9) |
| mTOR | GRANITE-2 | 2nd | – | Everolimus | PBO (+chemo) | OS | Negative | +1.0 (HR 0.92) |
| HGF | RILOMET1 | 1st | MET (IHC) | Rilotumumab | PBO (+chemo) | OS | Negative | −2.9 (HR 1.36) |
| MET | METgastric | 1st | MET (IHC) | Onartuzumab | PBO (+chemo) | OS | Negative | −0.3 (HR 0.82) |
| VEGF-A | AVAGAST | 1st | – | Bevacizumab | PBO (+chemo) | OS | Negative | +2 (HR 0.87) |
| VEGFR2 | RAINFALL | 1st | – | Ramucirumab | PBO (+chemo) | OS | Negative | +0.4 (HR 0.96) |
| VEGFR2 | REGARD | 2nd | – | Ramucirumab | PBO | OS | Positive | +1.4 (HR 0.776) |
| VEGFR2 | RAINBOW | 2nd | – | Ramucirumab | PBO (+chemo) | OS | Positive | +2.2 (HR 0.807) |
| VEGFR2 | Li et al. | 3rd | – | Apatinib | PBO | OS | Positive | +1.8 (HR 0.71) |
| PARP | GOLD | 2nd | ATM (IHC) | Olaparib | PBO (+chemo) | OS | Negative | +1.9 (HR 0.79) |
| STAT3 | BRIGHTER | 2nd | – | Napabucasin | PBO (+chemo) | OS | Negative | −0.4 (HR 1.01) |
| PD1 | Keynote061 | 2nd | PD-L1 (IHC) | Pembrolizumab | Paclitaxel | OS | Negative | +0.8 (HR 0.82) |
| PD1 | JAVELIN300 | 3rd | – | Avelumab | Irinotecan/taxanes/BSC | OS | Negative | −0.4 (HR 1.1) |
| PD1 | ATTRACTION-2 | 3rd- | – | Nivolumab | PBO | OS | Positive | +1.2 (HR 0.63) |
FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor 1; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; HR, hazard ratio; IHC, immunohistochemistry; MET, mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; OS, overall survival; PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; PBO, placebo; PFS, progression-free survival; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.