Table 1.
Characteristics of patients included in phase A.
| n = 9 | ||||
| Sex, M (%) | 8 (89) | |||
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 53.8 (22.5) | |||
| Tumor location | Temporal: 4 Occipital: 3 Parietal: 1 Frontal: 1 |
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| Tumor resection | Total: 4 Subtotal: 5 |
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| IDH 1 mutational status | Negative: 9 Positive: – |
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| MGMT promotor methylation status | Positive: – Negative: 2 Unknown: 7 |
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| AED use, n, (%) | 7 (78) | |||
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | Start of study (n = 9): 25 (2.5) | |||
| End of study (n = 6): 24 (4.2) | ||||
|
Time from diagnosis to start KD
weeks, median (IQR) |
3.3 (1.1) | |||
|
REE baseline
median (IQR) |
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| Indirect calorimetry | Kcal: 2020 (325) | |||
| Harris–Benedict equation | Kcal: 1713 (389) | |||
|
REE after 6 weeks diet (n = 8)
median (IQR) |
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| Indirect calorimetry | Kcal: 1983 (587) | |||
| Harris–Benedict equation | Kcal: 1680 (437) | |||
|
Caloric intake prior to trial per day
median (IQR) |
Kcal: 1996 (382) Carbohydrates: 123 (183) g, (24.6% energy) |
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|
Diet phase A: full liquid KD 4:1 per day
median (IQR) |
Kcal: | 2400 (878) | ||
| Protein: | 49 (16) g, (8.2% energy) | |||
| Carbohydrates: | 11 (1.5) g, (2.0% energy) | |||
| Fat: | 237 (69) g, (88.8% energy) | |||
| Diet ratio (fat:carbohydrate+protein): | 4:1 (0) | |||
| Diet phase B: KD with MCT (n = 8) per day, median (IQR) | Kcal: | 2835 (662) | ||
| Protein: | 54 (24) g, (7.6% energy) | |||
| Carbohydrates: | 57 (14) g, (8.0% energy) | |||
| Fat: | 266 (51) g, (84.4% energy) | |||
| Diet ratio (fat:carbohydrate + protein): | 2.2:1 (0.7) | |||
| Physical activity (based on SQUASH) | Start | 6 weeks | End of study | |
| (n = 9) | (n = 8) | (n = 6) | ||
| Normal (n) | 9 | 8 | 6 | |
| Decreased (n) | – | – | – | |
|
Karnofsky Performance Score
median score (IQR) |
Start | End of study | ||
| (n = 9) | (n = 6) | |||
| 95/100 (10) | 90/100 (15) | |||
AEDs, anti-epileptic drugs; BMI, body mass index; IDH 1, isocytrate dehydrogenase type I; IQR, interquartile range; KD, ketogenic diet; M, Male; MCT, medium-chain triglyceride; MGMT, methylguanine deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase; REE, resting energy expenditure; SQUASH, short questionnaire to assess health-enhancing physical activity.