Table 2.
Adjusted prescription and total direct insurer costs and out‐of‐pocket costs during the 5‐year study perioda
| Total insurer costsb , c | Prescription drug, insurer costsb , c | Total OOP costsd , e | Prescription OOP costsd , e | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD caregivers | Matched controls | P 6 | PD caregivers | Matched controls | P 6 | PD caregivers | Matched controls | P 6 | PD caregivers | Matched controls | P f | |
| Year 1 | $8999 ($8022‐$10,138) |
$7117 ($6574‐$7650) |
< 0.01g | $2506 ($2180‐$2906) |
$1430 ($1345‐$1517) |
< 0.01g | $1259 ($1168‐$1355) |
$902 ($868 ‐ $934) |
<0.01g | $494 ($445 ‐ $553) |
$317 ($304 ‐ $331) |
< 0.01g |
| Year 2 | $8265 ($7226‐$9356) |
$7453 ($6757‐$8077) |
0.12 | $2489 ($2161‐$2896) |
$1405 ($1308‐$1498) |
< 0.01g | $1292 ($1189‐$1398) |
$977 ($936‐$1016) |
<0.01g | $488 ($437 ‐ $546) |
$314 ($300 ‐ $330) |
< 0.01g |
| Year 3 | $8880 ($7430‐$10,298) |
$8190 ($7425‐$9039) |
0.42 | $2457 ($2104‐$2834) |
$1486 ($1378‐$1589) |
< 0.01g | $1329 ($1210‐$1456) |
$1077 ($1023‐$1137) |
<0.01g | $489 ($432 ‐ $549) |
$331 ($314 ‐ $349) |
< 0.01g |
| Year 4 | $8370 ($6994‐$9986) |
$9038 ($7771‐$10,233) |
0.46 | $2362 ($1974‐$2800) |
$1512 ($1395‐$1636) |
< 0.0g | $1434 ($1290‐$1587) |
$1144 ($1082‐$1212) |
<0.01g | $495 ($431 ‐ $566) |
$341 ($320 ‐ $363) |
< 0.01g |
| Year 5 | $8774 ($7137‐$10,774) |
$8572 ($7395‐$9837) |
0.77 | $2573 ($2121‐$3065) |
$1687 ($1532‐$1853) |
< 0.01g | $1585 ($1416‐$1807) |
$1192 ($1,108‐$1273) |
<0.01g | $551 ($467 ‐ $634) |
$370 ($344 ‐ $400) |
< 0.01g |
Costs are listed as means (95% confidence intervals).
CI, confidence interval; OOP, out of pocket; PD, Parkinson's disease.
The study period for each patient was index date to the end of eligibility (maximum follow‐up of 5 years) or until the patient was age 65.
Total insurer costs included medical and drug costs and were calculated as the sum of paid amounts. Costs were adjusted for inflation to 2014 US dollars using the Consumer Price Index from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Insurer costs were adjusted for age, index year, region, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and health‐care plan.
Total out‐of‐pocket costs included medical and drug costs and were calculated as the sum of deductible, coinsurance, and copayment amounts. Costs were adjusted for inflation to 2014 US dollars using the Consumer Price Index from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Out‐of‐pocket costs were adjusted for age, index year, region, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and health‐care plan.
P values were 2 sided and were computed based on the distribution of bootstrapped mean differences in costs between PD caregivers and controls.
Statistically significant at P < 0.05.