Figure 2.

IL‐6‐mediated activation of NF‐κB and STAT3. (a) IL‐6‐induced phosphorylation of RelA and STAT3. Primary CLL cells were incubated with 10 ng/ml IL‐6 and cells were collected for western blot analysis at indicated times. Numbers on the bottom are patients ID. (b) Localization of P‐RelA and RelA. Primary CLL cells were incubated with IL‐6 for 4 hr. Cells on slides were stained with either P‐RelA or RelA antibodies, respectively. DAPI indicates nucleus location. (c) IL‐6‐mediated RelA binding to DNA as detected by EMSA. (d) Statistical analysis of IL‐6‐induced binding between RelA and DNA. CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia; DAPI: 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole; EMSA: electrophoretic mobility shift assay [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]