Table 2.
Results of univariate and multivariate analyses
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | DNM rates (%) | P | bHR | 95% | P |
| Age | |||||
| <65 | 19.3 | ||||
| ≥65 | 16.3 | 0.4083 | |||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 14.8 | ||||
| Female | 21.8 | 0.0977 | |||
| T classification | |||||
| T1 | 12.2 | Ref. | |||
| T2 | 28.7 | 0.0001* | 2.02 | 1.17‐3.47 | 0.0112* |
| Tumor Budding (buds/field) | |||||
| Low: 0 | 10.4 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Intermediate: 1‐4 | 26.2 | 0.0012* | 1.24 | 0.59‐2.61 | 0.5738 |
| High: ≥ 5 | 47.2 | <0.0001* | 2.22 | 1.15‐4.30 | 0.0179* |
| Differentiation | |||||
| Well | 17.9 | Ref. | |||
| Moderate | 15.9 | 0.5234 | |||
| Poor | 33.3 | 0.3118 | |||
| Depth of invasion (mm) | |||||
| <4 | 6.4 | Ref. | |||
| ≥4 | 38.7 | <0.0001* | 3.91 | 1.95‐7.85 | 0.0001* |
| Venous invasion | |||||
| v(‐) | 15.2 | Ref. | |||
| v(+) | 30.5 | 0.008* | 0.86 | 0.46‐1.60 | 0.6299 |
| Lymphovascular invasion | |||||
| ly(‐) | 16.2 | Ref. | |||
| ly(+) | 33.9 | 0.0249* | 1.07 | 0.52‐2.22 | 0.8484 |
| Perineural invasion | |||||
| Neu(‐) | 16.5 | ||||
| Neu(+) | 30.1 | 0.1009 | |||
| Adjacent tissue at invasive front | |||||
| Lymphocytes | |||||
| Absent | 16.6 | ||||
| Present | 17.9 | 0.7955 | |||
| Fibrous tissue | |||||
| Absent | 19.8 | ||||
| Present | 16.4 | 0.4002 | |||
| Muscle tissue | |||||
| Absent | 6.6 | Ref. | |||
| Present | 31.6 | <0.0001* | 2.59 | 1.27‐5.26 | 0.0087* |
| Fatty tissue | |||||
| Absent | 14.4 | Ref. | |||
| Present | 37.2 | <0.0001* | 1.41 | 0.75‐2.65 | 0.2912 |
Abbreviations: DNM, delayed neck metastasis; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
*
P < 0.05 < 0.05.