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. 2019 Jun 17;10:551. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00551

Figure 1.

Figure 1

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated DSB repair mechanism. The CRISPR-associated enzyme Cas9 breaks down the target DNA to create a DSB, the two repeated sequences are further used as templates to produce short crRNAs. Methods for DSB repair include the NHEJ and HDR pathway. The NHEJ pathway creates accurate deletions and insertions. The HDR pathway uses homologous donor DNA sequences from sister chromatids or foreign DNA to create accurate insertions, base substitutions between DSB sites or two DSBs, and other modifications.