Table 4.

Predictive biomarkers and biomarker panels in cutaneous melanoma

Prognostic marker	Evidence summary	References
BRAF mutation status	Correlated with response to BRAF‐targeted therapies has led to FDA approval of amplification and sequencing technologies, and multiple laboratory tests to assess BRAF mutation status	Long et al4
NRAS mutation status	Correlated with response to MEK inhibitors; association with response to anti‐PD‐1 therapy reported	Johnson, 201599
Microsatellite instability	Approved for tissue agnostic analysis to identify patients with high mutation rates in areas of microsatellites; application to melanoma questionable due to predominance of MSI‐low type	Bonneville et al94
		Kubeček and Kopecký93
Tumor mutation burden	TMB usually high in melanoma. Correlation with increased neoantigen production reported; independent validation of response prediction for ICIs in melanoma is questionable	Morrison, 2018100

Abbreviations: ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; MSI, microsatellite instability; TMB, tumor mutation burden.