Table 1.
Patient characteristics of weighted cohortsa
| Rivaroxaban vs warfarin | Rivaroxaban vs LMWH | Warfarin vs LMWH | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rivaroxaban cohort | Warfarin cohort | Std.diff. (%)b | Rivaroxaban cohort | LMWH cohort | Std.diff. (%)b | Warfarin cohort | LMWH cohort | Std. diff. (%)b | |
| Characteristics | (N = 3370) | (N = 4774) | (N = 3370) | (N = 4313) | (N = 4774) | (N = 4313) | |||
| Demographicsc | |||||||||
| Age, mean ± SD [median] | 63.6 ± 13.2 [62.8] | 63.4 ± 13.4 [62.6] | 1.3 | 61.3 ± 12.7 [61.0] | 61.3 ± 12.7 [61.3] | 0.2 | 62.0 ± 13.2 [61.6] | 62.2 ± 13.1 [62.0] | 1.4 |
| Gender, female, n (%) | 1673 (49.7) | 2394 (50.1) | 1.0 | 1771 (52.5) | 2261 (52.4) | 0.2 | 2405 (50.4) | 2177 (50.5) | 0.2 |
| Type of index VTEc, n (%) | |||||||||
| PE | 839 (24.9) | 1191 (24.9) | 0.1 | 955 (28.3) | 1216 (28.2) | 0.3 | 1254 (26.3) | 1139 (26.4) | 0.3 |
| DVT | 1608 (47.7) | 2286 (47.9) | 0.4 | 1607 (47.7) | 2041 (47.3) | 0.8 | 2226 (46.6) | 2020 (46.8) | 0.4 |
| PE and DVT | 923 (27.4) | 1297 (27.2) | 0.5 | 808 (24.0) | 1056 (24.5) | 1.2 | 1294 (27.1) | 1153 (26.7) | 0.8 |
| Regionc, n (%) | |||||||||
| South | 1184 (35.1) | 1694 (35.5) | 0.7 | 1237 (36.7) | 1581 (36.7) | 0.1 | 1506 (31.6) | 1316 (30.5) | 2.2 |
| Midwest | 974 (28.9) | 1390 (29.1) | 0.5 | 916 (27.2) | 1137 (26.4) | 1.8 | 1443 (30.2) | 1313 (30.5) | 0.5 |
| Northeast | 629 (18.7) | 891 (18.7) | 0.0 | 711 (21.1) | 962 (22.3) | 2.9 | 987 (20.7) | 929 (21.5) | 2.1 |
| West | 512 (15.2) | 698 (14.6) | 1.6 | 438 (13.0) | 541 (12.5) | 1.4 | 728 (15.3) | 660 (15.3) | 0.2 |
| Unknown | 71 (2.1) | 101 (2.1) | 0.0 | 68 (2.0) | 91 (2.1) | 0.7 | 110 (2.3) | 94 (2.2) | 0.8 |
| Type of cancer with higher risk of VTEd, e based on Khorona's score, n (%) | |||||||||
| Very high risk | 306 (9.1) | 424 (8.9) | 0.8 | 577 (17.1) | 837 (19.4) | 5.9 | 679 (14.2) | 791 (18.3) | 11.2 |
| High risk | 919 (27.3) | 1306 (27.4) | 0.2 | 1108 (32.9) | 1634 (37.9) | 10.5 | 1585 (33.2) | 1654 (38.3) | 10.8 |
| Quan‐Charlson comorbidity indexe | |||||||||
| Mean ± SD [median] | 3.4 ± 2.9 [3.0] | 3.4 ± 3.0 [3.0] | 1.6 | 3.9 ± 3.2 [3.0] | 3.9 ± 3.2 [3.0] | 1.5 | 4.2 ± 3.1 [4.0] | 4.2 ± 3.1 [4.0] | 0.4 |
| Selected baseline comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 1954 (58.0) | 2822 (59.1) | 2.3 | 1836 (54.5) | 2254 (52.3) | 4.5 | 2785 (58.3) | 2285 (53.0) | 10.8 |
| COPD | 765 (22.7) | 1109 (23.2) | 1.3 | 757 (22.5) | 947 (22.0) | 1.2 | 1133 (23.7) | 962 (22.3) | 3.4 |
| Diabetes | 483 (14.3) | 687 (14.4) | 0.2 | 586 (17.4) | 940 (21.8) | 11.1 | 847 (17.7) | 927 (21.5) | 9.4 |
| Congestive heart failure | 474 (14.1) | 715 (15.0) | 2.7 | 488 (14.5) | 512 (11.9) | 7.7 | 737 (15.4) | 477 (11.1) | 12.9 |
| Liver disease | 337 (10.0) | 482 (10.1) | 0.4 | 342 (10.1) | 377 (8.7) | 4.8 | 509 (10.7) | 383 (8.9) | 6.0 |
| Obesity | 374 (11.1) | 565 (11.8) | 2.3 | 302 (9.0) | 345 (8.0) | 3.5 | 556 (11.6) | 406 (9.4) | 7.3 |
| Renal disease | 286 (8.5) | 575 (12.0) | 11.7 | 256 (7.6) | 259 (6.0) | 6.3 | 573 (12.0) | 284 (6.6) | 18.7 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 231 (6.9) | 321 (6.7) | 0.5 | 198 (5.9) | 201 (4.7) | 5.4 | 332 (7.0) | 255 (5.9) | 4.3 |
| Stroke/TIA | 204 (6.1) | 290 (6.1) | 0.1 | 182 (5.4) | 234 (5.4) | 0.1 | 338 (7.1) | 251 (5.8) | 5.2 |
Abbreviations: DVT, deep vein thrombosis; LMWH, low‐molecular‐weight heparin; PE, pulmonary embolism; SD, standard deviation; Std. diff., standardized difference; TIA, transient ischemic attack; VTE, venous thromboembolism.
Baseline characteristics for the weighted cohorts were obtained by using inverse probability of treatment weights; weighted on the following variables: age, sex, cancer type, region, time from first cancer to initial VTE, time to anticoagulant initiation, year of first VTE, setting in which the VTE was diagnosed (inpatient, outpatient, or emergency room), type of VTE (DVT, PE, or both), treatment with an antineoplastic agent, insurance type, Charlson comorbidity index, health care costs, and health care resource used during the 6‐month period before the first VTE.
For continuous variables, the standardized difference is calculated by dividing the absolute difference in means of the treated A and treated B cohorts by the pooled SD of both groups. The pooled SD is the square root of the average of the squared SDs. For categorical variables with two levels, the standardized difference is calculated using the following equation where P is the respective proportion of participants in each group: (PtreatedA‐PtreatedB)/√[p(1‐p)], where p = (PtreatedA + PtreatedB)/2.
Evaluated at the index date.
Not mutually exclusive.
Evaluated during the 6‐month baseline period.