Table 2.

Path coefficients extracted from piecewise structural equation models (SEM) for chewing damage and leaf miner abundance

SEM	Response	Predictor	Estimate	SE	P
Chewing damage	Host dilution	Richness	0.80	0.12	< 0.001
	Chewing	Leaf Area	0.17	0.05	< 0.001
	Chewing	ADF	0.13	0.05	0.013
	Chewing	Richness	−0.16	0.12	0.191
	Chewing	Host dilution	0.06	0.12	0.610
	Leaf area	ADF	−0.31	0.07	< 0.001
	Leaf area	Host dilution	−0.19	0.08	0.015
	ADF	Richness	−0.35	0.20	0.102
	ADF	Host dilution	0.21	0.21	0.313
Leaf miner	Host dilution	Richness	0.80	0.12	< 0.001
	Miners	Host dilution	−0.22	0.08	0.006
	Miners	Lignin	0.07	0.04	0.097
	Miners	Richness	0.14	0.08	0.117
	Miners	Carbon	0.05	0.04	0.123
	Lignin	Carbon	0.21	0.07	0.002
	Carbon	Richness	−0.28	0.16	0.093
	Carbon	Host dilution	0.24	0.16	0.141

Significant effects are in bold text. ADF, acid detergent fibre.