Table 2.
Comparing postvaccination human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence with prevaccination prevalence (2009) and assessing the trend among all women, heterosexual men and unvaccinated women
| All women | Heterosexual men | Unvaccinated women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % positive (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI)1 | % positive (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI)2 | % positive (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI)3 | |
| HPV16/18 4 | ||||||
| 2009 | 22.7 (20.3–25.3) | Reference | 16.7 (13.4–20.6) | Reference | 22.8 (20.2–25.6) | Reference |
| 2011 | 23.9 (21.6–26.3) | 1.08 (0.92–1.26) | 13.0 (10.3–16.2) | 0.75 (0.54–1.05) | 24.8 (22.3–27.5) | 1.11 (0.94–1.31) |
| 2013 | 18.5 (16.4–20.7) | 0.79 (0.67–0.94) | 7.9 (5.8–10.5) | 0.44 (0.30–0.64) | 21.8 (19.2–24.6) | 0.90 (0.76–1.08) |
| 2015 | 14.9 (13.1–16.9) | 0.62 (0.52–0.74) | 10.8 (8.3–13.9) | 0.52 (0.36–0.75) | 22.8 (19.9–26.1) | 0.94 (0.78–1.14) |
| p trend value5 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.62 | 0.16 |
| HPV16 | ||||||
| 2009 | 16.9 (14.8–19.3) | Reference | 11.1 (8.4–14.5) | Reference | 17.1 (14.8–19.7) | Reference |
| 2011 | 16.6 (14.7–18.8) | 0.98 (0.81–1.17) | 6.6 (4.7–9.1) | 0.57 (0.36–0.89) | 17.5 (15.3–19.9) | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) |
| 2013 | 11.6 (10.0–13.5) | 0.66 (0.54–0.81) | 5.7 (4.1–8.1) | 0.49 (0.31–0.78) | 13.4 (11.3–15.8) | 0.73 (0.59–0.91) |
| 2015 | 10.8 (9.3–12.6) | 0.59 (0.48–0.73) | 8.4 (6.2–11.3) | 0.64 (0.42–0.98) | 17.3 (14.7–20.3) | 0.92 (0.74–1.14) |
| p trend value5 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.42 | 0.08 |
| HPV18 | ||||||
| 2009 | 7.6 (6.2–9.3) | Reference | 7.0 (4.9–9.9) | Reference | 7.5 (6.0–9.4) | Reference |
| 2011 | 9.9 (8.4–11.7) | 1.31 (1.00–1.71) | 7.4 (5.4–10.0) | 1.04 (0.64–1.67) | 10.2 (8.5–12.2) | 1.35 (1.01–1.79) |
| 2013 | 8.7 (7.2–10.3) | 1.09 (0.83–1.43) | 2.5 (1.5–4.2) | 0.35 (0.18–0.66) | 10.6 (8.8–12.8) | 1.31 (0.97–1.75) |
| 2015 | 5.7 (4.6–7.1) | 0.69 (0.51–0.94) | 2.8 (1.6–4.7) | 0.33 (0.17–0.65) | 8.5 (6.6–10.7) | 0.98 (0.70–1.37) |
| p trend value5 | 0.03 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.37 | 0.95 |
Abbreviations: aPR: adjusted prevalence ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.
Adjusted for: age, lifetime sex partners, history of any sexually transmitted infection, steady partner and condom use with casual partners.
Adjusted for: age, lifetime sex partners, history of any sexually transmitted infection and steady partner.
Adjusted for: age, lifetime sex partners, history of any sexually transmitted infection, and condom use with casual partners.
Defined as positive for HPV16 or HPV18 in the percentage positive, and as a pooled estimate to calculate the aPR.
The crude p trend values were calculated using the Cochran‐Armitage Trend Test. The adjusted p trend values were calculated by including PASSYON year as a continuous variable.