Table 1.
Weighted Percentages for Multimorbidity among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries. Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, 2012.
| No PI/MI 12.9% | 1PI/1MI 26.4% | MM-PI 49.7% | MM-PI&MI 11.0% | X2, p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted Row% | |||||
| Predisposing factors | |||||
| Sex | <.001 | ||||
| Female | 10.3 | 25.9 | 50.6 | 13.3 | |
| Male | 16.2 | 27.0 | 48.7 | 8.1 | |
| Age group | <.001 | ||||
| 65–69 yrs. | 17.3 | 28.4 | 41.9 | 12.4 | |
| 70–74 yrs. | 12.6 | 26.5 | 50.5 | 10.5 | |
| 75–79 yrs. | 11.1 | 25.3 | 53.9 | 9.7 | |
| >80 yrs. | 9.8 | 24.9 | 54.6 | 10.8 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | <.001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 13.2 | 27.4 | 48.5 | 11.0 | |
| Non-Hispanic African American | 10.3 | 21.3 | 59.5 | 8.9 | |
| Other race† | 12.5 | 23.8 | 51.4 | 12.3 | |
| Education | <.001 | ||||
| < High school | 9.8 | 19.7 | 56.3 | 14.2 | |
| High school | 12.6 | 26.2 | 50.4 | 10.8 | |
| ≥ College | 14.5 | 29.6 | 46.3 | 9.5 | |
| Currently employed | <.001 | ||||
| Yes | 18.5 | 33.6 | 42.0 | 5.9 | |
| No | 11.9 | 25.1 | 51.2 | 11.9 | |
| Enabling factors | |||||
| Smoking status | <.001 | ||||
| Current smoker | 15.0 | 24.6 | 43.6 | 16.7 | |
| Past smoker | 11.7 | 25.2 | 52.9 | 10.2 | |
| Never smoked | 13.8 | 28.2 | 47.6 | 10.5 | |
| Annual personal income | <.001 | ||||
| <20k | 9.5 | 20.4 | 55.2 | 14.9 | |
| 20–30k | 11.5 | 27.2 | 49.9 | 11.4 | |
| 30–50k | 12.5 | 28.4 | 48.9 | 10.1 | |
| >50k | 16.4 | 31.1 | 45.1 | 7.5 | |
| Missing | 23.1 | 24.4 | 45.0 | 7.5 | |
| HMO enrollment | .014 | ||||
| Yes | 11.2 | 27.3 | 50.6 | 10.9 | |
| No | 13.8 | 25.9 | 49.3 | 11.0 | |
| Medicaid insurance | <.001 | ||||
| Yes | 6.3 | 16.4 | 57.9 | 19.4 | |
| No | 13.8 | 27.8 | 48.6 | 9.8 | |
| Private insurance | <.001 | ||||
| Yes | 13.2 | 28.6 | 49.0 | 9.2 | |
| No | 12.5 | 24.0 | 50.6 | 12.9 | |
| Marital status | <.001 | ||||
| Married | 13.9 | 27.8 | 49.0 | 9.3 | |
| Not marriedα | 11.6 | 24.6 | 50.7 | 13.2 | |
| Lives alone | .003 | ||||
| Yes | 12.0 | 26.1 | 49.0 | 12.9 | |
| No | 13.2 | 26.5 | 50.0 | 10.2 | |
| External environment | |||||
| Metropolitan area | .325 | ||||
| Yes | 13.1 | 26.8 | 49.1 | 11.0 | |
| No | 12.1 | 25.0 | 51.9 | 11.0 | |
| Geographical region | .038 | ||||
| Northeast | 13.6 | 26.6 | 48.7 | 11.1 | |
| Midwest | 13.1 | 27.5 | 49.5 | 9.9 | |
| South | 12.3 | 24.1 | 52.0 | 11.6 | |
| West | 13.2 | 29.0 | 46.9 | 10.9 | |
| Access to care | |||||
| Usual source of care | <.001 | ||||
| Yes | 11.4 | 26.4 | 51.0 | 11.3 | |
| No | 50.9 | 26.1 | 19.5 | 3.5 | |
| Trouble getting needed care | <.001 | ||||
| Yes | 9.2 | 17.7 | 51.4 | 21.7 | |
| No | 13.0 | 26.7 | 49.7 | 10.5 | |
| Need factors | |||||
| General health status | <.001 | ||||
| Excellent/Very good | 18.8 | 34.0 | 40.6 | 6.5 | |
| Good | 8.3 | 21.4 | 59.1 | 11.2 | |
| Fair/Poor | 3.4 | 12.8 | 60.6 | 23.2 | |
| Worry about health | <.001 | ||||
| Yes | 6.1 | 16.4 | 55.2 | 22.2 | |
| No | 14.4 | 28.6 | 48.5 | 8.6 | |
| Functional status | <.001 | ||||
| None | 17.0 | 31.1 | 44.8 | 7.0 | |
| 1–2 ADL | 5.1 | 18.3 | 60.5 | 16.1 | |
| 3–6 ADL | 2.5 | 12.4 | 58.7 | 26.4 | |
| Body mass index | <.001 | ||||
| Underweight/Normal | 17.6 | 30.7 | 42.6 | 9.1 | |
| Overweight | 12.5 | 27.1 | 49.7 | 10.8 | |
| Obese/Morbid obese | 7.2 | 19.9 | 59.1 | 13.8 | |
| Missing | 15.4 | 26.2 | 48.9 | 9.5 | |
Notes. Multimorbidity categories: 1) No PI/MI = no chronic condition; 2) 1PI/1MI = single physical or mental condition; 3) MM-PI = two or more physical conditions but no mental condition; 4) MM-PI&MI = both chronic physical and mental conditions.
ADL = activities of daily living; HMO = health maintenance organization; X2 = Chi-square test.
†
Hispanic/Latino, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, more than one, or others;
α
Widowed/Divorced/S eparated/N ever married.