. 2019 Jun 20;28(6):827–841. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7364

Table 4.

Associations Between Prevalent Lower Urinary Tract Symptom and Interference with Activities from Urinary Experiences, Pain, or Discomfort in the Pubic Area in the Past Month in a Community-Based Sample of 3117 Women; Boston Area Community Health Survey, 2002–2005

LUTS (at least rarely in the past month)	Prevalence of interference at least a little of the time (%^a)		PR of interference at least a little of the time (95% CI)
LUTS (at least rarely in the past month)	No LUTS	LUTS	Unadjusted	Adjusted^b	p	Adjusted^c	p
Nonstress, nonurgency incontinence^d	30.7	73.3	2.4 (2.1–2.8)	1.7 (1.4–2.0)	<0.001	1.1 (0.9–1.2)	0.266
UTI^e	32.8	46.7	1.4 (1.2–1.7)	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	0.013	1.0 (0.9–1.2)	0.635
Straining/difficult to begin voiding	30.8	64.4	2.1 (1.8–2.5)	1.6 (1.4–1.9)	<0.001	1.1 (0.9–1.2)	0.451
Pain, burning, discomfort in the pubic/bladder area	29.4	69.8	2.4 (2.1–2.7)	1.8 (1.5–2.1)	<0.001	1.1 (1.0–1.3)	0.087
Weak stream	29.6	66.9	2.3 (2.0–2.6)	1.8 (1.6–2.1)	<0.001	1.1 (0.9–1.2)	0.353
Urgency incontinence^d	28.0	70.9	2.5 (2.2–2.9)	1.9 (1.7–2.2)	<0.001	1.2 (1.1–1.4)	0.001
Dribbling/wet clothes after urination	27.9	66.9	2.4 (2.1–2.7)	1.9 (1.7–2.2)	<0.001	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	0.170
Intermittency	29.5	58.5	2.0 (1.7–2.3)	1.6 (1.4–1.8)	<0.001	1.0 (0.8–1.1)	0.590
Stress incontinence^d	29.3	58.8	2.0 (1.7–2.3)	1.6 (1.4–1.8)	<0.001	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	0.232
Incomplete emptying	26.4	55.2	2.1 (1.8–2.4)	1.7 (1.5–2.0)	<0.001	1.1 (1.0–1.3)	0.108
Any incontinence^e	25.7	53.8	2.1 (1.8–2.4)	1.7 (1.5–2.0)	<0.001	1.2 (1.1–1.4)	0.002
Urgency/difficulty postponing urination	22.0	58.8	2.7 (2.3–3.1)	2.3 (1.9–2.6)	<0.001	1.3 (1.1–1.6)	0.001
Nocturia	21.8	53.5	2.5 (2.0–2.9)	2.0 (1.7–2.4)	<0.001	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	0.004
Perceived frequency	20.0	52.8	2.6 (2.2–3.1)	2.3 (2.0–2.7)	<0.001	1.5 (1.2–1.7)	<0.001
Urinating again after <2 hours	19.1	45.7	2.4 (2.0–2.9)	2.2 (1.9–2.6)	<0.001	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	0.004
Any LUTS	10.7	40.0	3.7 (2.6–5.4)	3.5 (2.4–5.0)	<0.001	—	—

^{^a}

All values were weighted according to the sampling weights of the BACH survey.

^{^b}

Adjusted for age (26–44, 45–64, or ≥65 years); race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, or White); menopausal status (premenopausal /undetermined, perimenopausal, postmenopausal, or surgical); parity (0, 1–3, or ≥4 pregnancies); smoking status (current, former, or never smoker); alcohol intake (<1, 1–2, or ≥3 drinks); BMI (<25, 25–29, or ≥30 kg/m²); waist circumference (<65, 65–89, 90–114, or ≥115 cm); health-related limitations in activities (not at all, a little, or a lot); self-reported physician diagnoses of high blood pressure, types I or II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and arthritis; and depressive symptoms (yes or no).

^{^c}

Additionally adjusted for other LUTS individually, as appropriate.

^{^d}

Assessed in the past week.

^{^e}

Assessed in the past year.

CI, confidence interval; PR, prevalence ratio.