Table 5. Comparison of secondary outcomes between compliant flooring INT and control flooring CON groups in the FLIP Study, 2013–2017.
| Compliant Flooring | Control Flooring | Base Modela | Multivariable Modelb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INT | CON | |||||||
| (n = 184) | (n = 173) | |||||||
| Minor Fall-Related Injury | Events | Risk | Events | Risk | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p |
| ≥1 minor fall-related injury | 87 | 47.3 | 78 | 45.1 | 1.19 (0.77, 1.84) | 0.450 | 1.36 (0.86, 2.18) | 0.193 |
| ≥2 minor fall-related injuries | 63 | 34.2 | 58 | 33.5 | 1.12 (0.71, 1.77) | 0.630 | 1.28 (0.79, 2.10) | 0.315 |
| Events | Rate | Events | Rate | RR (95% CI) | p | RR (95% CI) | p | |
| Number of minor fall-related injuries/1,000 bed nights | 353 | 3.363 | 362 | 3.325 | 0.96 (0.64, 1.46) | 0.850 | 1.24 (0.83, 1.87) | 0.280 |
| Number of minor fall-related injuries/fall | 353 | 0.357 | 362 | 0.414 | 1.01 (0.79, 1.29) | 0.940 | 1.14 (0.88, 1.47) | 0.338 |
| Number of falls with ≥1 minor fall-related injury/1,000 bed nights | 243 | 2.315 | 275 | 2.526 | 0.91 (0.62, 1.34) | 0.610 | 1.11 (0.76, 1.63) | 0.594 |
| Events | Rate | Events | Rate | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Time to first minor fall-related injuryc | 87 | 1.32 | 79 | 1.24 | 1.04 (0.77, 1.42) | 0.780 | 1.08 (0.79, 1.48) | 0.645 |
| Any Fall-Related Injury | Events | Risk | Events | Risk | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p |
| ≥1 fall-related injury | 91 | 49.5 | 85 | 49.1 | 1.08 (0.70, 1.67) | 0.715 | 1.21 (0.76, 1.91) | 0.425 |
| ≥2 fall-related injuries | 66 | 35.9 | 63 | 36.4 | 1.06 (0.67, 1.67) | 0.810 | 1.20 (0.74, 1.96) | 0.471 |
| Events | Rate | Events | Rate | RR (95% CI) | p | RR (95% CI) | p | |
| Number of fall-related injuries/1,000 bed nights | 391 | 3.725 | 408 | 3.747 | 0.98 (0.65, 1.48) | 0.920 | 1.26 (0.85, 1.88) | 0.234 |
| Number of fall-related injuries/fall | 391 | 0.395 | 408 | 0.466 | 1.03 (0.80, 1.33) | 0.830 | 1.11 (0.86, 1.43) | 0.422 |
| Number of falls with ≥ 1 fall-related injury/1,000 bed nights | 256 | 2.439 | 296 | 2.719 | 0.91 (0.62, 1.32) | 0.600 | 1.09 (0.75, 1.59) | 0.637 |
| Events | Rate | Events | Rate | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Time to first fall-related injuryc | 93 | 1.43 | 87 | 1.44 | 0.97 (0.72, 1.30) | 0.840 | 0.96 (0.71, 1.31) | 0.815 |
| Falls | Events | Risk | Events | Risk | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p |
| ≥1 fall | 128 | 69.9 | 117 | 67.9 | 1.18 (0.74, 1.89) | 0.480 | 1.31 (0.80, 2.15) | 0.288 |
| ≥2 falls | 94 | 51.1 | 93 | 53.8 | 0.96 (0.62, 1.48) | 0.846 | 1.00 (0.63, 1.58) | 0.991 |
| Events | Rate | Events | Rate | RR (95% CI) | p | RR (95% CI) | p | |
| Number of falls/1,000 bed nights | 989 | 9.421 | 875 | 8.036 | 1.21 (0.87, 1.68) | 0.250 | 1.32 (0.94, 1.84) | 0.091 |
| Events | Rate | Events | Rate | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Time to first fallc | 126 | 2.64 | 116 | 2.51 | 1.03 (0.80, 1.33) | 0.810 | 0.98 (0.76, 1.28) | 0.906 |
aIncludes main effect term for intervention group (1 = INT, 0 = CON). For binary logistic models that generated ORs, bed nights of follow-up was a covariate. For negative binomial models that generated RRs, offset was specified as bed nights of follow-up for endpoint of number of serious fall-related injuries/1,000 bed nights, and offset was specified as number of falls for endpoint of number of serious fall-related injuries/fall.
bBase model plus adjustment for baseline values for the following five covariates: age (<85, 85+ years), dementia, ≥1 fall in the past 180 days, antianxiety medication, and analgesic medication.
cRate expressed as events per 1,000 bed nights.
Abbreviations: CON, control; FLIP, Flooring for Injury Prevention; HR, hazard ratio; INT, intervention; OR, odds ratio; RR, rate ratio.