Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study participants after propensity-score matching.

	Case (AKI) N = 412	Control N = 412	P-value before matching*	P-value after matching
Age, years	61 ± 17	62 ± 18	<0.0001	0.06
Male	240 (58)	227 (55)	<0.0001	0.1
Caucasian	380 (92)	381 (93)	0.3	0.8
Myocardial infarction	71 (17)	77 (19)	<0.0001	0.6
Congestive heart failure	128 (31)	131 (29)	<0.0001	0.5
Peripheral vascular disease	73 (18)	83 (20)	<0.0001	0.9
Cerebrovascular disease	72 (18)	71 (17)	<0.0001	0.9
Dementia	10 (2)	10 (2)	0.5	0.7
Chronic pulmonary disease	212 (48)	215 (49)	<0.0001	0.8
Connective tissue disorder	28 (7)	35 (9)	0.1	0.4
Peptic ulcer disease	52 (13)	42 (10)	<0.0001	0.3
Diabetes, no complications	38 (9)	40 (10)	<0.0001	0.8
Diabetes, complications	142 (35)	152 (37)	<0.0001	0.4
Liver disease, mild	99 (24)	90 (22)	<0.0001	0.6
Liver disease, moderate to severe	19 (5)	17 (4)	<0.0001	0.7
Cancer, not metastatic	96 (23)	103 (25)	0.5	0.6
Cancer, metastatic	38 (9)	42 (10)	0.2	0.6
HIV/AIDS	0 (0.0)	0 (0)	0.2	NA
Paralysis	12 (3)	13 (3)	0.2	0.8
Systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg	302 (73)	321 (78)	<0.0001	0.06
Admission season			0.9	0.5
Winter	94 (23)	87 (21)
Spring	109 (27)	108 (26)
Summer	89 (24)	96 (23)
Fall	112 (27)	120 (29)
Prior inpatient visits	3.1 ± 3.2	3.2 ± 5.1	<0.0001	0.9
Index hospitalization LOS (days)	5.2 ± 3.9	4.9 ± 5.0	<0.0001	0.3
Baseline serum creatinine (mg/dL)	0.93 ± 0.17	0.94 ± 0.18	<0.0001	0.7

Data are presented as N (%) and mean ± SD.

* Comparing 2,180 controls and 494 cases prior to matching