Table 2. Influence of praziquantel treatment on detection of inflammatory biomarker concentrations.
| Cytokine type | Cytokine | Maternal blood at 32-weeks’ gestation, n = 362 |
Placental blood, n = 361 | Cord blood, n = 238 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Praziquantel, n = 179 |
Placebo, n = 183 |
P-value | Praziquantel, n = 177 |
Placebo, n = 184 |
P-value | Praziquantel, n = 121 |
Placebo, n = 117 |
P-value | ||
| Th1 | IFN-γ | 19 (11%) | 13 (7%) | 0.27 | 13 (7%) | 11 (6%) | 0.67 | 92 (76%) | 91 (78%) | 0.76 |
| IL-2 | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 0.99 | 5 (3%) | 2 (1%) | 0.27 | 55 (45%) | 62 (52%) | 0.30 | |
| IL-12 | 2 (1%) | 7 (4%) | 0.17 | 8 (5%) | 5 (3%) | 0.41 | 81 (67%) | 74 (63%) | 0.59 | |
| TNF | 7 (4%) | 3 (2%) | 0.22 | 34 (19%) | 31 (17%) | 0.58 | 72 (60%) | 76 (65%) | 0.42 | |
| sTNFRI | 179 (100%) | 183 (100%) | 0.99 | 177 (100%) | 184 (100%) | 0.99 | 121 (100%) | 117 (100%) | 0.99 | |
| sTNFRII | 179 (100%) | 183 (100%) | 0.99 | 176 (99%) | 184 (100%) | 0.49 | 121 (100%) | 116 (99%) | 0.25 | |
| Th2 | IL-4 | 6 (3%) | 5 (3%) | 0.77 | 11 (6%) | 10 (5%) | 0.82 | 78 (64%) | 75 (64%) | 0.99 |
| IL-5 | 12 (7%) | 11 (6%) | 0.83 | 15 (9%) | 12 (7%) | 0.55 | 96 (79%) | 99 (95%) | 0.32 | |
| CXCL9 | 134 (73%) | 139 (78%) | 0.33 | 132 (75%) | 135 (73%) | 0.72 | 108 (89%) | 99 (85%) | 0.34 | |
| IL-10 | 48 (27%) | 64 (35%) | 0.11 | 66 (38%) | 60 (33%) | 0.32 | 100 (83%) | 94 (80%) | 0.74 | |
| IL-13 | 39 (22%) | 31 (17%) | 0.24 | 47 (27%) | 46 (25%) | 0.72 | 87 (72%) | 74 (63%) | 0.17 | |
| Others | IL-1 | 2 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 0.99 | 25 (14%) | 28 (15%) | 0.88 | 77 (64%) | 79 (68%) | 0.59 |
| IL-6 | 8 (4%) | 6 (3%) | 0.59 | 94 (54%) | 85 (46%) | 0.17 | 91 (52%) | 93 (54%) | 0.67 | |
| CXCL8 | 14 (8%) | 13 (7%) | 0.84 | 65 (37%) | 70 (38%) | 0.91 | 81 (67%) | 85 (73%) | 0.40 | |
| Ratio | IFN-γ:IL-4 | 19 (11%) | 9 (5%) | 0.04 | 18 (10%) | 13 (7%) | 0.35 | 12 (10%) | 12 (10%) | 0.99 |
Values are numbers of participants with detectable cytokine levels among those who received the respective treatment.