Table S1.
Explorative analysis of associations between patient characteristics, self-reported oral health and oral health-related QoL (n=764)
| Characteristic | Oral complaint | Edentulousa,b,g,i,j,k | Periodontitisa | OHIP-NL14 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain | Xerostomiac,e,h | Bad breatha | Anyc | Severityc,j | Impactc | ||||
| Demographics | Age | ||||||||
| 30-39 | 1 (14.3) | 3 (42.9) | 4 (57.1) | 4 (57.1) | 0 | 2 (28.6) | 3.5 ± 4.5 | 2 (50.0) | |
| 40-49 | 10 (20.4) | 18 (36.7) | 14 (28.6) | 26 (53.1) | 2 (4.1) | 27 (65.9) | 4.4 ± 7.1 | 12 (32.4) | |
| 50-59 | 19 (13.1) | 52 (35.9) | 22 (15.2) | 67 (46.2) | 3 (2.1) | 91 (70.0) | 2.7 ± 5.7 | 20 (17.7) | |
| 60-69 | 49 (18.7) | 101 (38.5) | 30 (11.5) | 145 (55.3) | 37 (14.3) | 157 (75.8) | 2.5 ± 4.5 | 46 (20.4) | |
| ≥70 | 34 (11.3) | 111 (37.0) | 20 (6.7) | 136 (45.3) | 79 (26.5) | 130 (64.4) | 2.1 ± 5.3 | 42 (16.2) | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 55 (12.9) | 149 (35.0) | 50 (11.7) | 205 (48.1) | 60 (14.2) | 241 (72.2) | 2.7 ± 5.6 | 69 (18.8) | |
| Female | 58 (17.2) | 136 (40.4) | 40 (11.9) | 173 (51.3) | 61 (18.3) | 166 (65.6) | 2.2 ± 4.7 | 53 (19.6) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| Western-European | 64 (16.0) | 151 (37.8) | 39 (9.8) | 198 (49.5) | 65 (16.3) | 215 (68.9) | 1.9 ± 4.0 | 52 (14.5) | |
| Other | 17 (14.4) | 48 (40.7) | 16 (13.6) | 58 (49.2) | 7 (6.0) | 70 (70.7) | 3.4 ± 6.5 | 26 (27.4) | |
| Education | |||||||||
| Primary | 6 (12.0) | 16 (32.0) | 7 (14.0) | 22 (44.0) | 12 (24.5) | 23 (69.7) | 2.7 ± 6.1 | 8 (19.0) | |
| Secondary | 28 (14.3) | 85 (43.4) | 16 (8.2) | 97 (49.5) | 24 (12.2) | 114 (71.7) | 2.1 ± 4.8 | 30 (17.8) | |
| Higher | 44 (16.2) | 97 (35.7) | 30 (11.0) | 136 (50.0) | 33 (12.2) | 151 (68.6) | 2.2 ± 4.4 | 40 (16.5) | |
| Smoking | |||||||||
| Yes | 18 (16.1) | 53 (47.3) | 15 (13.4) | 66 (58.9) | 20 (17.9) | 65 (78.3) | 3.8 ± 6.1 | 26 (29.2) | |
| No | 88 (14.8) | 197 (33.1) | 67 (11.3) | 270 (45.4) | 95 (16.2) | 304 (66.7) | 2.2 ± 4.5 | 86 (17.1) | |
| Diabetes-related parameters | Metabolic control | ||||||||
| Good | 69 (14.4) | 168 (35.1) | 58 (12.1) | 230 (48.0) | 80 (16.9) | 251 (69.7) | 2.6 ± 5.5 | 73 (18.0) | |
| Moderate | 18 (11.2) | 58 (36.0) | 20 (12.4) | 72 (44.7) | 28 (17.5) | 76 (62.8) | 2.0 ± 3.5 | 25 (18.8) | |
| Poor | 18 (24.0) | 33 (44.0) | 11 (14.7) | 44 (58.7) | 9 (12.0) | 45 (72.6) | 3.8 ± 7.1 | 19 (31.1) | |
| Obesity | |||||||||
| No | 58 (13.1) | 142 (32.0) | 44 (9.9) | 203 (45.7) | 77 (17.4) | 222 (65.9) | 2.3 ± 5.0 | 66 (17.9) | |
| Yes | 51 (17.8) | 122 (42.5) | 43 (15.0) | 153 (53.3) | 41 (14.5) | 160 (71.7) | 2.8 ± 5.7 | 52 (21.3) | |
| Hypertension | |||||||||
| No | 69 (15.0) | 171 (37.2) | 60 (13.0) | 222 (48.3) | 62 (13.6) | 247 (68.6) | 2.7 ± 5.8 | 77 (19.6) | |
| Yes | 37 (13.8) | 95 (35.3) | 26 (9.7) | 132 (49.1) | 54 (20.3) | 134 (67.7) | 2.2 ± 4.4 | 42 (19.1) | |
| Dyslipidemia | |||||||||
| No | 51 (13.1) | 150 (38.5) | 40 (10.3) | 183 (46.9) | 73 (19.0) | 205 (70.7) | 2.4 ± 5.0 | 59 (17.8) | |
| Yes | 50 (16.7) | 97 (32.3) | 43 (14.3) | 146 (48.7) | 38 (12.8) | 153 (65.1) | 2.7 ± 5.8 | 51 (20.9) | |
| Kidney dysfunction | |||||||||
| No | 89 (16.5) | 194 (35.9) | 74 (13.7) | 268 (49.6) | 70 (13.1) | 291 (68.3) | 2.7 ± 5.7 | 91 (20.1) | |
| Yes | 17 (12.0) | 54 (38.0) | 9 (6.3) | 62 (43.7) | 42 (30.0) | 66 (71.7) | 2.3 ± 4.1 | 20 (16.9) | |
| Retinopathy | |||||||||
| No | 68 (15.7) | 147 (34.0) | 50 (11.6) | 202 (46.8) | 58 (13.6) | 231 (68.8) | 2.5 ± 5.2 | 63 (17.5) | |
| Yes | 4 (22.2) | 6 (33.3) | 1 (5.6) | 9 (50.0) | 4 (22.2) | 12 (92.3) | 2.4 ± 3.1 | 4 (26.7) | |
| Diabetic foot risk | |||||||||
| No | 70 (15.3) | 146 (31.9) | 57 (12.5) | 207 (45.3) | 72 (15.8) | 246 (68.9) | 2.6 ± 5.1 | 71 (18.6) | |
| Yes | 30 (16.5) | 83 (45.6) | 21 (11.5) | 102 (56.0) | 33 (18.4) | 89 (67.9) | 2.2 ± 3.9 | 31 (20.5) | |
| Dental care utilization | Have dentist | ||||||||
| Yes | 91 (14.2) | 238 (37.2) | 80 (12.5) | 319 (49.9) | 57 (9.0) | 363 (68.0) | 2.3 ± 5.0 | 99 (18.1) | |
| No | 22 (17.6) | 47 (37.6) | 10 (8.0) | 59 (47.2) | 64 (51.2) | 44 (83.0) | 3.6 ± 6.3 | 23 (24.5) | |
| Dentist visit | |||||||||
| Yes | 84 (14.4) | 214 (36.8) | 74 (12.7) | 290 (49.8) | 35 (6.1) | 343 (68.1) | 2.1 ± 4.6 | 90 (17.9) | |
| No | 29 (16.1) | 70 (38.9) | 16 (8.9) | 87 (48.3) | 85 (47.2) | 64 (77.1) | 3.7 ± 7.0 | 31 (23.0) | |
| Dental insurance | |||||||||
| Yes | 84 (16.0) | 194 (37.0) | 65 (12.4) | 264 (50.3) | 56 (10.8) | 301 (70.8) | 2.6 ± 5.3 | 95 (21.3) | |
| No | 29 (12.5) | 87 (37.5) | 25 (10.8) | 110 (47.4) | 61 (26.3) | 105 (65.6) | 2.3 ± 5.2 | 26 (13.9) | |
Notes: Data are presented as mean±SD or n (%). OHIP-NL14 impact is defined as a response of at least “occasionally” within one of the subdomains.
Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U tests or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to explore significant associations (p<0.01) between oral complaints, edentulousness, periodontitis and oral health-related QoL and: aAge groups; bEthnicity; cSmoking; dMetabolic control; eObesity; fHypertension; gKidney dysfunction; hDiabetic foot risk; iHaving a dentist; jRegularly visiting a dentist; kHaving dental insurance coverage. p-values <0.01 were considered as significant. Trends (p<0.05) were observed in the following associations: smoking with periodontitis; obesity with bad breath and with any oral complaint; hypertension with edentulousness; poor metabolic control with pain in the mouth; kidney dysfunction with bad breath; diabetic foot risk with any oral complaint; having a dentist with periodontitis and with impact in oral health-related QoL; having dental insurance coverage with impact in oral health-related QoL.