Variable |
Total (N = 2468) |
Group 1 ICU LOS <1 day (N = 1535) |
Group 2 ICU LOS ≥1 day (N = 933) |
OR (95% CI)* |
P-value* |
Preoperative factors: |
Age (years) |
<60 |
138 (5.6) |
76 (55.1) |
62 (44.9) |
Reference |
0.166 |
60-69 |
638 (25.9) |
388 (60.8) |
250 (39.2) |
0.79 (0.55, 1.15) |
70-79 |
1001 (40.5) |
642 (64.1) |
359 (35.9) |
0.69 (0.48, 0.98) |
≥80 |
691 (28) |
429 (62.1) |
262 (37.9) |
0.75 (0.52, 1.08) |
Sex |
Female |
461 (18.7) |
266 (57.7) |
195 (42.3) |
1.26 (1.03, 1.55) |
0.028 |
Male |
2007 (81.3) |
1269 (63.2) |
738 (36.8) |
Reference |
Race |
Hispanic |
40 (2.0) |
11 (27.5) |
29 (72.5) |
3.93 (1.95, 7.92) |
<0.001 |
Non-Hispanic Black |
133 (6.6) |
64 (48.1) |
69 (51.9) |
1.61 (1.13, 2.29) |
Non-Hispanic Other |
31 (1.5) |
14 (45.2) |
17 (54.8) |
1.81 (0.89, 3.70) |
Non-Hispanic White |
1821 (89.9) |
1090 (59.9) |
731 (40.1) |
Reference |
BMI (kg/m^2) |
<25 (normal) |
655 (27.5) |
374 (57.1) |
281 (42.9) |
Reference |
0.004 |
25-<30 (overweight) |
930 (39.0) |
605 (65.0) |
325 (35.0) |
0.72 (0.58, 0.88) |
>30 (obese) |
798 (33.5) |
505 (63.3) |
293 (36.7) |
0.77 (0.63, 0.95) |
Ruptured indication for surgery |
Ruptured |
188 (7.7) |
31 (16.5) |
157 (83.5) |
9.86 (6.65, 14.64) |
<0.001 |
Non-ruptured |
2255 (92.3) |
1490 (66.1) |
765 (33.9) |
Reference |
|
Transferred |
Yes |
311 (12.6) |
95 (30.6) |
216 (69.4) |
4.57 (3.54, 5.91) |
<0.001 |
No |
2156 (87.4) |
1440 (66.8) |
716 (33.2) |
Reference |
Elective surgery |
Yes |
1874 (76.0) |
1331 (71.0) |
543 (29.0) |
Reference |
<0.001 |
No |
593 (24.0) |
203 (34.2) |
390 (65.8) |
4.71 (3.87, 5.73) |
Diabetes (with oral agents or insulin) |
No |
2080 (84.3) |
1308 (62.9) |
772 (37.1) |
Reference |
0.081 |
Non-insulin dependent |
304 (12.3) |
184 (60.5) |
120 (39.5) |
1.11 (0.86, 1.41) |
Insulin dependent |
84 (3.4) |
43 (51.2) |
41 (48.8) |
1.62 (1.04, 2.50) |
Current smoker within one year |
Yes |
827 (33.5) |
495 (59.8) |
332 (40.2) |
1.16 (0.98, 1.38) |
0.089 |
No |
1641 (66.5) |
1040 (63.4) |
601 (36.6) |
Reference |
Dyspnea |
Yes |
378 (15.3) |
222 (58.7) |
156 (41.3) |
1.19 (0.95, 1.48) |
0.131 |
No |
2090 (84.7) |
1313 (62.8) |
777 (37.2) |
Reference |
Dependent functional health status prior to surgery |
Yes |
76 (3.1) |
31 (40.8) |
45 (59.2) |
2.48 (1.56, 3.94) |
<0.001 |
No |
2384 (96.9) |
1503 (63.0) |
881 (37.0) |
Reference |
History of severe COPD |
Yes |
471 (19.1) |
251 (53.3) |
220 (46.7) |
1.58 (1.29, 1.93) |
<0.001 |
No |
1997 (80.9) |
1284 (64.3) |
713 (35.7) |
Reference |
Congestive heart failure in 30 days prior to surgery |
Yes |
56 (2.3) |
18 (32.1) |
38 (67.9) |
3.58 (2.03, 6.31) |
<0.001 |
No |
2412 (97.7) |
1517 (62.9) |
895 (37.1) |
Reference |
Hypertension requiring medication |
Yes |
1959 (79.4) |
1196 (61.0) |
763 (39.0) |
1.27 (1.04, 1.56) |
0.022 |
No |
509 (20.6) |
339 (66.6) |
170 (33.4) |
Reference |
Currently on dialysis (pre-op) |
Yes |
43 (1.7) |
22 (51.2) |
21 (48.8) |
1.58 (0.87, 2.90) |
0.136 |
No |
2425 (98.3) |
1513 (62.4) |
912 (37.6) |
Reference |
Steroid use for chronic condition |
Yes |
94 (3.8) |
54 (57.4) |
40 (42.6) |
1.23 (0.81, 1.87) |
0.334 |
No |
2374 (96.2) |
1481 (62.4) |
893 (37.6) |
Reference |
Preoperative transfusion |
Yes |
70 (2.8) |
12 (17.1) |
58 (82.9) |
8.41 (4.49, 15.75) |
<0.001 |
No |
2398 (97.2) |
1523 (63.5) |
875 (36.5) |
Reference |
Systemic sepsis |
Yes |
93 (3.8) |
20 (21.5) |
73 (78.5) |
6.43 (3.89, 10.62) |
<0.001 |
No |
2375 (96.2) |
1515 (63.8) |
860 (36.2) |
Reference |
Wound classification |
Clean |
2447 (99.1) |
1529 (62.5) |
918 (37.5) |
0.24 (0.09, 0.62) |
0.003 |
Not clean |
21 (0.9) |
6 (28.6) |
15 (71.4) |
Reference |
Intra-operative factors: |
Prior abdominal aortic surgery |
Yes |
659 (29.7) |
396 (60.1) |
263 (39.9) |
1.17 (0.97, 1.41) |
0.102 |
No |
1562 (70.3) |
996 (63.8) |
566 (36.2) |
Reference |
Surgeon’s specialty |
Vascular |
2400 (97.2) |
1504 (62.7) |
896 (37.3) |
Reference |
0.005 |
Non-vascular |
68 (2.8) |
31 (45.6) |
37 (54.4) |
2.00 (1.23, 3.25) |
Principal operative procedure |
EVAR AORTO-UNILIAC/AORTO-UNIFEM PROSTH |
105 (4.3) |
58 (55.2) |
47 (44.8) |
1.35 (0.90, 2.02) |
<0.001 |
EVAR W/AORTO-AORTIC TUBE PROSTH |
134 (5.4) |
58 (43.3) |
76 (56.7) |
2.19 (1.52, 3.14) |
EVAR W/MDLR BFRC PROSTH 1 LIMB |
1091 (44.2) |
682 (62.5) |
409 (37.5) |
Reference |
EVAR W/MDLR BFRC PROSTH 2 LIMBS |
793 (32.1) |
549 (69.2) |
244 (30.8) |
0.74 (0.61, 0.90) |
EVAR W/UNIBDY BFRC PROSTH |
198 (8.0) |
106 (53.5) |
92 (46.5) |
1.45 (1.07, 1.96) |
PLMT XTN PROSTH EVAR/DSJ 1ST VSL |
147 (6.0) |
82 (55.8) |
65 (44.2) |
1.32 (0.93, 1.87) |
Principal anesthesia technique |
General |
2204 (89.4) |
1362 (61.8) |
842 (38.2) |
1.18 (0.90, 1.55) |
0.225 |
Non- general |
262 (10.6) |
172 (65.6) |
90 (34.4) |
Reference |
ASA classification |
1-2, no disturbance-mild disturbance |
92 (3.7) |
75 (81.5) |
17 (18.5) |
Reference |
<0.001 |
3, severe disturbance |
1443 (58.7) |
1008 (69.9) |
435 (30.1) |
1.90 (1.11, 3.26) |
4-5, life-threatening-moribund |
924 (37.6) |
448 (48.5) |
476 (51.5) |
4.69 (2.73, 8.06) |
|
Rupture of aneurysm |
Yes |
10 (0.4) |
1 (10.0) |
9 (90.0) |
14.91 (1.89, 117.67) |
0.010 |
No |
2458 (99.6) |
1534 (62.4) |
924 (37.6) |
Reference |
Aneurysm diameter (cm) |
≤5.0 |
576 (24.6) |
356 (61.8) |
220 (38.2) |
Reference |
<0.001 |
5.0-5.5 |
667 (28.5) |
479 (71.8) |
188 (28.2) |
0.64 (0.50, 0.81) |
5.5-6.0 |
455 (19.4) |
309 (67.9) |
146 (32.1) |
0.77 (0.59, 0.99) |
>6.0 |
643 (27.5) |
334 (51.9) |
309 (48.1) |
1.50 (1.19, 1.88) |
Proximal aneurysm extent |
Infrarenal |
2074 (89.6) |
1359 (65.5) |
715 (34.5) |
Reference |
<0.001 |
Others (Juxta-, para-, supra-renal, type IV thoracoabdominal aneurysm) |
241 (10.4) |
99 (41.1) |
142 (58.9) |
2.73 (2.08, 3.58) |
Distal extent |
Aortic |
903 (47.3) |
645 (71.4) |
258 (28.6) |
Reference |
<0.001 |
Common iliac |
690 (36.2) |
442 (64.1) |
248 (35.9) |
1.40 (1.13, 1.73) |
External iliac |
129 (6.7) |
69 (53.5) |
60 (46.5) |
2.17 (1.49, 3.16) |
Internal iliac |
186 (9.8) |
95 (51.1) |
91 (48.9) |
2.40 (1.74, 3.30) |
Access vessels (conduit, repair) |
Yes |
102 (4.1) |
44 (43.1) |
58 (56.9) |
2.25 (1.51, 3.35) |
<0.001 |
No |
2366 (95.9) |
1491 (63.0) |
857 (37) |
Reference |
Access |
Attempted percutaneous access converted to open cutdown |
22 (0.9) |
13 (59.1) |
9 (40.9) |
1.40 (0.59, 3.30) |
<0.001 |
Bilateral groin cutdown |
1028 (42.0) |
593 (57.7) |
435 (42.3) |
1.48 (1.25, 1.76) |
One groin cutdown |
231 (9.4) |
141 (61.0) |
90 (39.0) |
1.29 (0.96, 1.73) |
Percutaneous bilateral |
1169 (47.7) |
782 (66.9) |
387 (33.1) |
Reference |
Main body device |
Cook Zenith Fenestrated |
74 (3.1) |
33 (44.6) |
41 (55.4) |
Reference |
0.001 |
Regular EVARs |
2350 (96.9) |
1486 (63.2) |
864 (36.8) |
0.47 (0.29, 0.75) |
Iliac branched device |
Yes |
357 (14.5) |
199 (55.7) |
158 (44.3) |
1.37 (1.09, 1.72) |
0.007 |
No |
2111 (85.5) |
1336 (63.3) |
775 (36.7) |
Reference |
Aortic (bare metal) stent |
Yes |
168 (6.8) |
80 (47.6) |
88 (52.4) |
1.89 (1.38, 2.59) |
<0.001 |
No |
2300 (93.2) |
1455 (63.3) |
845(36.7) |
Reference |
Renal stent |
Yes |
188 (7.6) |
66 (35.1) |
122 (64.9) |
3.35 (2.45, 4.57) |
<0.001 |
No |
2280 (92.4) |
1469 (64.4) |
811 (35.6) |
Reference |
Hypogastric embolization |
Yes |
175 (7.1) |
100 (57.1) |
75 (42.9) |
1.25 (0.92, 1.71) |
0.153 |
No |
2293 (92.9) |
1435 (62.6) |
858 (37.4) |
Reference |
Hypogastric revascularization |
Yes |
154 (6.2) |
55 (36.2) |
97 (63.8) |
3.12 (2.22, 4.39) |
<0.001 |
No |
2316 (93.8) |
1480 (63.9) |
836 (36.1) |
Reference |
Lower extremity revascularization |
Yes |
113 (4.6) |
52 (46.0) |
61 (54.0) |
2.00 (1.37, 2.92) |
<0.001 |
No |
2355 (95.4) |
1483 (63.0) |
872 (37.0) |
Reference |
Ischemic colitis |
Yes |
26 (1.1) |
1 (3.9) |
25 (96.1) |
42.11 (5.71, 310.39) |
<0.001 |
No |
2442 (98.9) |
1534 (62.8) |
908 (37.2) |
Reference |
Lower extremity ischemia |
Yes |
41 (1.7) |
18 (43.9) |
23 (56.1) |
2.13 (1.14, 3.97) |
0.017 |
No |
2427 (98.3) |
1517 (62.5) |
910 (37.5) |
Reference |
Total operation time (minutes) |
<90 |
651 (26.4) |
471 (72.3) |
180 (27.7) |
Reference |
<0.001 |
90-120 |
629 (25.5) |
431 (68.5) |
198 (31.5) |
1.20 (0.95, 1.53) |
120-180 |
713 (28.8) |
442 (62.0) |
271 (38.0) |
1.60 (1.28, 2.02) |
≥180 |
475 (19.3) |
191 (40.2) |
284 (59.8) |
3.89 (3.03, 5.00) |
Postoperative factors: |
Discharge destination |
Expired |
63 (2.6) |
12 (19.1) |
51 (80.9) |
8.33 (4.42, 15.72) |
<0.001 |
Home |
2173 (88.1) |
1439 (66.2) |
734 (33.8) |
Reference |
Other |
228 (9.3) |
83 (36.4) |
145 (63.6) |
3.43 (2.58, 4.55) |
Open wound/wound infection |
Yes |
31 (1.3) |
14 (45.2) |
17 (54.8) |
2.02 (0.99, 4.11) |
0.054 |
No |
2437 (98.7) |
1521 (62.4) |
916 (37.6) |
Reference |
Superficial surgical site occurrence |
Superficial surgical incisional SSI |
26 (1.1) |
14 (53.8) |
12 (46.2) |
1.42 (0.65, 3.07) |
0.380 |
No Complication |
2442 (98.9) |
1521 (62.3) |
921 (37.7) |
Reference |
Deep incisional SSI |
Deep incisional SSI |
8 (0.3) |
1 (12.5) |
7 (87.5) |
11.59 (1.42, 94.32) |
0.022 |
No complication |
2460 (99.7) |
1534 (62.4) |
926 (37.6) |
Reference |
Wound disruption |
Wound disruption |
3 (0.1) |
1 (33.3) |
2 (66.7) |
3.30 (0.30, 36.38) |
0.331 |
No complication |
2465 (99.9) |
1534 (62.2) |
931 (37.8) |
Reference |
Pneumonia |
Pneumonia |
44 (1.8) |
4 (9.1) |
40 (90.9) |
17.14 (6.11, 48.08) |
<0.001 |
No complication |
2424 (98.2) |
1531 (63.2) |
893 (36.8) |
Reference |
Pulmonary embolism |
Pulmonary embolism |
8 (0.3) |
1 (12.5) |
7 (87.5) |
11.59 (1.42, 94.32) |
0.022 |
No complication |
2460 (99.7) |
1534 (62.4) |
926 (37.6) |
Reference |
Urinary tract infection |
Urinary tract infection |
24 (1.0) |
11 (45.8) |
13 (54.2) |
1.96 (0.87, 4.39) |
0.103- |
No complication |
2444 (99.0) |
1524 (62.4) |
920 (37.6) |
Reference |
Acute renal failure |
Acute renal failure |
24 (1.0) |
1 (4.2) |
23 (95.8) |
38.69 (5.23, 286.45) |
<0.001 |
No complication |
2444 (99.0) |
1534 (62.8) |
910 (37.2) |
Reference |
CVA/stroke with neurological deficit |
CVA/stroke |
11 (0.5) |
2 (18.2) |
9 (81.8) |
7.47 (1.61, 34.63) |
0.010 |
No complication |
2457 (99.5) |
1533 (62.4) |
924 (37.6) |
Reference |
Cardiac arrest requiring CPR |
Cardiac arrest requiring CPR |
39 (1.6) |
11 (28.2) |
28 (71.8) |
4.29 (2.12, 8.65) |
<0.001 |
No complication |
2429(98.4) |
1524 (62.7) |
905 (37.3) |
Reference |
Myocardial infarction |
Myocardial infarction |
40 (1.6) |
6 (15.0) |
34 (85.0) |
9.64 (4.03, 23.04) |
<0.001 |
No complication |
2428 (98.4) |
1529 (63.0) |
899 (37.0) |
Reference |
Bleeding transfusion |
Transfusion intraoperative/postoperative |
309 (12.5) |
59 (19.1) |
250 (80.9) |
9.16 (6.80, 12.33) |
<0.001 |
No complication |
2159 (87.5) |
1476 (68.4) |
683 (31.6) |
Reference |
DVT/thrombophlebitis |
DVT requiring therapy |
14 (0.6) |
2 (14.3) |
12 (85.7) |
9.99 (2.23, 44.71) |
0.003 |
No complication |
2454 (99.4) |
1533 (62.5) |
921 (37.5) |
Reference |
Sepsis |
Sepsis |
14 (0.6) |
4 (28.6) |
10 (71.4) |
4.15 (1.30, 13.26) |
0.017 |
No complication |
2454 (99.4) |
1531 (62.4) |
923 (37.6) |
Reference |
Return to operation room |
Yes |
128 (5.2) |
46 (35.9) |
82 (64.1) |
3.12 (2.15, 4.52) |
<0.001 |
No |
2340 (94.8) |
1489 (63.6) |
851 (36.4) |
Reference |
Unplanned readmission |
Yes |
188 (7.6) |
82 (43.6) |
106 (56.4) |
2.27 (1.68, 3.07) |
<0.001 |
No |
2280 (92.4) |
1453 (63.7) |
827 (36.3) |
Reference |
* All odds ratios and p-values are from binomial logistic regression modeling ICU LOS ≥1, exact logistic regression used as needed. When an association is significant (p-value), odds ratios with 95% confidence limits not including 1 are considered significant. |