Table 4.

Need for treatment dependant on current smoking status

	Immunomodulator ever exposed	Immunomodulator non-exposed	Anti-TNF ever exposed	Anti-TNF non-exposure	IBD-related surgery	No IBD-related surgery
Never smoker	122 (56 %)	96 (44%)	76 (35%)	142 (65%)	55 (25%)	163 (75%)
Current cigarette smoker	48 (70%)	21 (30%)	34 (49%)	35 (51%)	30 (43%)	39 (57%)
Compared with never smokers		P=0.049		P=0.034
Current e-cigarette	12 (80%)	3 (20%)	6 (40%)	9 (60%)	6 (40%)	9 (60%)
Compared with never smokers		P=0.10		P=0.78		P=0.23

IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.