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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 24.
Published in final edited form as: J Mem Lang. 2018 Dec 1;105:19–42. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2018.10.003
Measure Paradigm Stimulus presentation Stimulus domain Stimulus category Stimulus modality Response Training sessions

Visual data l-ink Visuo-spatial serial recall Sequence of spatial location of illuminated lamps in 4 × 4 grid Visuo-spatial Spatial locations Visual Mouse selection of lamp locations in sequence 1–25
Data room Visuo-spatial serial recall Sequence of lamps illuminated in a 2D-representation of a 3D grid of 20 lamps Visuo-spatial Spatial locations Visual Mouse selection of lamp locations in sequence 1–10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24
Space whack Visuo-spatial serial recall Sequence of puffs of smoke appearing from craters Visuo-spatial Spatial locations Visual Mouse selection of puff locations in sequence 16–25
Input module with lid Backward span Sequence of spoken digits with response grid not visible Verbal Digits Auditory Mouse selection of digits on a 3 × 3 grid in sequence 1–25
Input module without lid Backward span Sequence of spoken digits with response grid visible Verbal Digits Auditory Mouse selection of digits on a 3 × 3 grid in sequence 1–25
Decoder Verbal serial recall Sequence of spoken letters Verbal Letters Auditory Mouse selection of each letter from 3 alternatives presented visually 1–5
Random letters Verbal serial recall and visuo-spatial recall Sequence of spoken letters each accompanied by the illumination of a lamp in a particular spatial location Verbal & visuo-spatial Letters and spatial locations Auditory Mouse selection of spatial locations corresponding to position illuminated as each latter was presented 1–11. 13, 15–21, 23, 25
Numbered grid Resequencing Sequence of spoken letters each accompanied by the illumination of a lamp in a particular spatial location Verbal & visuo-spatial Digits and spatial locations Auditory & visual Mouse selection of spatial locations corresponding to the location of digits in ascending order 6–15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24
Asteroids Visuo-spatial serial recall Slowly-moving asteroids illuminated in sequence Visuo-spatial Spatial locations Visual Mouse selection of asteroid locations in sequence 11–16, 18, 20, 22–25
Rotating data link Visuo-spatial serial recall + spatial rotation Sequence of spatial location of illuminated lamps in 4 × 4 grid Visuo-spatial Spatial locations Visual Mouse selection of lamp locations in sequence on a grid rotated by 90 degrees 1–10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 23, 25
Rotating dots Visuo-spatial serial recall + spatial rotation Sequence of spatial location of illuminated lamps on a rotating dial Visuo-spatial Spatial locations Visual Mouse selection of dot locations in sequence on rotating dial 1–11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21–22, 24
Space cube Visuo-spatial serial recall Sequence of panels illuminated on a 2D representation of a 3D cube Visuo-spatial Spatial locations Visual Mouse selection of the panel locations in sequence 11–15, 17, 19, 21–25